新疆维、汉族新生儿听力筛查情况对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Earing Screening in Xinjiang Uygur and Han Infants

目的了解2016-2017年间新疆自治区妇幼保健院产科分娩的维吾尔族(简称维族)、汉族活产新生儿听力筛查情况及影响初筛通过率的高危因素。方法以2016年1月-2017年12月出生在新疆自治区妇幼保健院产科分娩的维、汉族活产新生儿作为研究对象,采用畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)在生后72 h进行听力初筛,初筛未通过者于生后42 d再进行DPOAE及自动听性脑干反应(AABR)复筛,复筛未通过者转新疆医科大学一附院耳鼻喉科进行听力评估。结果 2年中共有维、汉族活产新生儿16610例,其中16153例接受接受听力筛查。维族:初筛率94.04%(5204/5534),初筛未通过率5.34%(278/5204),330例签字拒绝做新生儿疾病筛查,复筛率46.4%(129/278),转诊34例接受听力学检查,确诊听力损失11例,听力损失检出率2.11%(11/5204),其中,轻度听力损失7例,中度3例,重度1例;汉族:初筛率98.85%(10949/11076),初筛未通过率1.02%(112/10949),127例拒绝做筛查,复筛率100%(112/112),转诊49例接受听力学诊断,确诊听力损失19例,听力损失检出率1.74%(19/10949),其中,轻度听力损失10例,中度6例,重度3例,两民族新生儿初筛率无明显差异,而维族新生儿复筛率低于汉族(P <0.05)。维族新生儿听力筛查未通过率高于汉族4.32%(P <0.05),维族新生儿听力损害更是高出汉族0.37%以上(P <0.05)。结论新疆自治区妇幼保健院维、汉族活产新生儿听力筛查均已达到推荐筛查标准。但维族活产新生儿复筛率明显低于汉族,而且维族新生儿听力损害率明显高于汉族,因此,加强维族孕妇的孕期宣教和新生儿听力筛查的随访宣传非常重要,同时对新生儿围产期的许多相关因素重视,早期干预,避免听力损伤的发生。

Objective To investigate the hearing screening of Uygur and Han newborn at the obstetrics department of Xinjiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2016 to 2017 and the high-risk factors affecting the pass rate of primary screening.Methods Uygur and Han newborns who were born in obstetrics department of Xinjiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were selected as the study subjects.DPOAE was used for hearing screening 72 hours after birth,and DPOAE and automatic auditory brainstem response(AABR)were performed 42 days after birth for those who failed the first screening.After screening,those who failed to pass the screening were transferred to Department of ENT of the first affiliated hospital of Xinjiang medical university for hearing assessment.Results There were 16610 newborns of Uygur and Han nationalities in the past two years,of which 16153 received hearing screening.The primary screening rate was 94.04%(5204/5534),the primary screening failure rate was 5.34%(2788/5204),the screening rate was 46.4%(129/278)in 330 cases,the screening rate was 46.4%(129/278).11 cases were diagnosed with hearing loss,the rate of hearing loss was 2.11%(11/5204).Among them,7 cases had mild hearing loss,3 cases had moderate hearing loss,and 1 case had severe hearing loss.Among the Han nationality,The primary screening rate was 98.85%(10949/11076),the primary screening failure rate was 1.02%(112/10949),the screening rate was 100%(112/112),the hearing loss was confirmed in 19 cases.The detection rate of hearing loss was 1.74%(19/10949),including 10 cases of mild hearing loss,6 cases of moderate hearing loss and 3 cases of severe hearing loss.There was no significant difference in the initial screening rate between the two nationalities,while the re-screening rate of Uygur newborns was lower than that of Han(P<0.05).The failure rate of Uygur newborn hearing screening was 4.32%higher than that of Han(P<0.05),and the hearing impairment of Uygur newborn was higher than that of Han(P<0.05).Conclusion Hearing screening of Uygur and Han newborns in Xinjiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital has reached the recommended screening standards.However,the re-screening rate of Uygur newborns is significantly lower than that of Han nationality,and the hearing impairment rate of Uygur newborns is significantly higher than that of Han nationality.Therefore,it is very important to strengthen the education of Uygur pregnant women during pregnancy and follow-up propaganda of newborn hearing screening.At the same time,we should pay more attention to many related factors during perinatal period,and early intervention to avoid hearing impairment.