基于田块特征的农村耕地分类互换研究

Classification and Exchange of Cultivated Land in Rural Areas Based on Field Characteristics

家庭联产承包责任制与自然条件造成的耕地细碎化对农业生产造成一定影响。为了解决耕地细碎化,实现农业规模化生产,提出一种基于系统聚类分析的田块分类互换方法。笔者以山西省太谷县温庄村为例,选取地块面积、地块坡度、地块形状指数、地块连片性、地块规整度、耕作通达度、耕作距离及地块产量等8个影响耕地优劣的因子,并利用农村土地承包经营权确权数据库数据,运用系统聚类分析法对8项影响因子数据进行分析,将地块分为5类。研究结果表明:研究区同类地块以居民区为中心近似于环状的形式分布于居民区周围;在村集体耕地承包经营权的基础上,同类地块之间可以根据农户意愿进行互换,不同类地块可参考地块产量调整地块承包经营权,使承包经营权相同的地块在空间上尽量集中在一起,提高耕地的耕作效率。该方法适用于村集体内部耕地互换,为农村耕地经营权的调整,解决耕地细碎化提供了新思路。

The fragmentation of cultivated land exists widely in underdeveloped areas of agriculture,caused by natural factors and the average allocation rule of cultivated land under the household contract responsibility system,restricting the development of agriculture.To solve this problem and achieve large-scale production in agriculture,a new method based on hierarchical cluster analysis was proposed to classify and exchange rural plots.In this study,Wenzhuang Village of Taigu County in Shanxi Province was taken as an example,eight factors were employed to evaluate the quality of cultivated land,including plot area,slope of land,shape index of plot,continuity of plot,regularity of plot,traffic accessibility,farming distance and plot yield.Through the analysis of these eight factors utilizing the data from the database of rural land contracting and management right confirmation and the method of hierarchical cluster analysis,the plots were divided into 5 categories according to the characteristics of farmland operation in the area studied.The results showed that the same classified plots in Wenzhuang were distributed around residential area in the form of circular circle;on the basis of the right of village collectives’farmland contract and management,the same classified plots could be exchanged among the farmers of their own willingness,and the land management right of the different classified blocks could be adjusted according to the average yield level,through which the land with the same management right could be gather together as much as possible to improve the farming efficiency.This method is suitable for the interchange of cultivated land inside village collectives and provides a new way for the adjustment of farmland management right and a solution to farmland fragmentation.