淮山不同氮钾用量及镁硼配施效应研究

Fertilization on Chinese Yam: Effects of N and K Rates and Combined Application of Mg and B

以淮山为研究对象,旨在明确淮山生产中的氮钾肥适宜用量及镁硼肥配施效应,以期为高产优质淮山生产和合理施肥提供科学依据。设置3个氮肥用量水平(270、360、450 kg N/hm^2)和3个钾肥用量水平(270、360、450 kg K_2O/hm^2),研究在等量有机肥(精制有机肥4500 kg/hm^2)和磷肥(144 kg P2O5/hm^2)基础上配施不同用量钾氮肥并添加镁(22.5 kg Mg/hm^2)硼(0.21 kg B/hm^2)肥对淮山叶绿素含量、生物量、品质、养分吸收量和产量的影响。研究结果表明:氮钾肥不同用量对淮山块根膨大期和收获期叶片SPAD值无显著影响。配施Mg和B明显提高淮山可溶性蛋白和氨基酸态氮含量。随施N量或施K量的增加,生产100 kg淮山N、K的需求量均呈先增加后下降趋势。在360 kg N/hm^2基础上配施450 kg K_2O/hm^2或在360 kg N/hm^2和360 kg K_2O/hm^2基础上配施22.5 kg Mg/hm^2均明显提高淮山块根重量、总生物量和淮山产量。增施钾肥和配施Mg均有利于提高淮山N和K的收获指数。为获得70000～90000 kg/hm^2的淮山产量,建议在施用4500 kg/hm^2精制有机肥、360 kg N/hm^2、144 kg P_2O_5/hm^2基础上配施450 kg K_2O/hm^2或配施360 kg K_2O/hm^2和22.5 kg Mg/hm^2。

A field experiment was conducted to study the appropriate rates of N and K and the effects of combined application of Mg and B on Chinese Yam,to provide a basis for high yield and good quality production and rational fertilization.We set three N rates(270,360 and 450 kg N/hm2)and three K rates(270,360 and 450 kg K2O/hm2),and studied the effects of equal rate of organic fertilizer(fine organic fertilizer of 4500 kg/hm2)and phosphorus fertilizer(144 kg P2O5/hm2)combined with magnesium(22.5 kg Mg/hm2)and boron(0.21 kg B/hm2)on chlorophyll content,biomass,quality,nutrient uptake and yield.The results showed that the N and K application rates had no significant effect on the foliar SPAD value in tuberous root expansion period and harvest period.Combined application of Mg and B increased soluble protein and amino acid nitrogen significantly.With the increase of N and K,the demand quantity of N and K first increased and then decreased.Thetuberousrootweight,biomassandyieldincreasedbyapplyingN 360 kg/hm2 with K2O 450 kg/hm2 or N 360 kg/hm2,K2O 360 kg/hm2 with 22.5 kg Mg/hm2.The harvest index of N and K were increased under the application of K with Mg.To achieve the yield of 70000-90000 kg/hm2,the combined application of K2 O450 kg/hm2 or K2O 360 kg/hm2 and Mg 22.5 kg/hm2 are suggested on the basis of 4500 kg/hm2 fine organic fertilizer,N 360 kg/hm2 and P2O5 144 kg/hm2.