生物炭对设施土壤化学性质及黄瓜产量品质的影响

Biochar: Effects on Soil Chemical Properties and Cucumber Yield and Quality in Greenhouse

为探究生物炭对设施土壤的改良作用,2014年和2015年通过田间试验,分别研究施用不同用量的生物炭对设施土壤化学性质及黄瓜生产的影响。研究表明,不同生物炭施用量对土壤速效钾和硝态氮含量作用效果差异显著,当季施用生物炭的处理明显增加土壤速效钾含量60～152 mg/kg,有效减缓了速效磷的下降趋势14.57%～18.42%,与对照相比提高了土壤有机碳的含量1.76～2.59倍,土壤pH值提高了0～0.22个单位,生物炭对降低表层土壤的电导率效果显著。施用生物炭能够增加黄瓜的产量和品质,果实中维生素C含量提高5.64%～13.26%,可溶性糖含量提高17.21%～40.73%,硝酸盐含量降低0.94%～8.34%。当季施用生物炭明显提高了土壤中有效养分的含量和黄瓜产量,改善了黄瓜品质,而施用生物炭1年后促进效果减弱。

The paper aims to explore the improvement effect of biochar on greenhouse soil.A field-testing was conducted with different application rates of biochar in 2014 and 2015 to explore the potential for improving soil chemical properties in greenhouse environment.The results showed that:there were remarkable differences of the contents of available potassium(AK)and nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N)under different biochar application rates.The AK increased by 60-152 mg/kg.The decreasing trend of AP was slowed down by14.57%-18.42%due to the application of biochar.The organic carbon content was 1.76-2.59 times higher than that of CK.The pH value increased by 0-0.02 units,while the electrical conductivity of topsoil decreased with the elevated biochar.Vitamin C and soluble sugar content in fruit increased respectively by 5.64%-13.26%and 17.21%-40.73%,nitrate content decreased by 0.94%-8.34%.The application of biochar in the season significantly improved the nutrients’content in soil and the yield and quality of cucumber,and the effect of promoting is weakened after one year.