华北县政改革与土劣回潮(1927—1937)

The County Government Reform and the Resurgence of Local Bullies and Evil Gentry in North China from 1927 to 1937

国民政府时期,近代华北各县政权组织发生了巨大的变革。国民政府改县长集权制为四局分权制,对县长进行考试、训练和考察;进行房科改革和废除差役;实行廉政和庶政公开,开明清以来县政权组织变革先河,取得了一定效果,其影响甚至直达当代,但史学界对此研究尚付阙如。作者试以北伐之后国民政府在华北的县政改革为切入点,剖析国民政府时期的党政之争、官绅之争和新旧绅之争,以探讨县政改革与土劣回潮之间的关系,并及于国民政府最终丧失在华北统治权的原因。

Great Changes had taken plaee in the county government organization in the Republican period in North China. The Nationalist Government had changed the county-magistrate-power-centralization into four- bureau power-decentralization, giving examination, training and inspection to the county magistrates; It also brought about a reform in departments and offices and abolished the runners and kept government clean and politics open. Those had reaped some fruits. But there has not been any research about this so far. This thesis, taking the county government reform as the departure, tries to analyze the struggle between the Party and the Government, the officials and the gentry, the New Gentry and the traditional gentry to probe into the relations between the county government reform and the resurgence of local bullies and evil gentry and the cause for the Nationalist Government to lose the control in North China.