性别刻板印象威胁对幼儿任务难度选择及表现的影响

Gender Stereotype Threat Effect on Children's Choice of Task Difficulty and Task Performance

针对某一性别群体存在的消极刻板印象会使该群体成员产生一种威胁感,这种威胁感可能会对个体认知过程产生深刻的影响。本研究以60名大班幼儿为被试,采用内隐性别刻板印象威胁任务和比内任务,考察性别刻板印象威胁对幼儿任务难度选择及表现的影响。结果发现:(1)实施内隐性别刻板印象威胁的实验组幼儿在选择的任务难度上显著低于控制组;(2)在认知任务表现上,实验组幼儿的语言类任务得分显著低于控制组。从任务选择难度降低这一结果来看,性别刻板印象威胁对幼儿的自我效能感产生了负面影响,继而进一步影响了其认知任务的表现。

When members of one gender group are targeted by negative stereotypes,threaten feeling can be elicited that might profoundly influence the member's cognition. Sixty kindergarten children were randomly chosen and they participated in present study which used implicit stereotype threat task and the Binet pattern and verbal tasks to examine the impact of the gender stereotype threat on the children's choice of task difficulty as well as the task performance. The results showed that:(1) the experimental group which received the implicit stereotype threat chose significantly lower task difficulty than the control group.(2) As for the task performance,the experimental group get lower scores significantly than the control group on verbal tasks. In light of the reduction of task difficulty the experimental group chose representing the lower expectancy on performance,we concluded that gender stereotype threat impacts the children's self-efficiency negatively,thereby undermines the experimental group's performance on the cognitive tasks.