父母拒绝教养方式对中国同性恋者自杀的影响:歧视知觉的中介效应与出柜的调节效应

The Effect of Parenting Rejection Styles on Chinese Homosexuals' Suicide: The Mediating Role of Perceived Discrimination and the Moderating Role of Coming out

本研究基于社会生态视角和应激—易感模型,调查了493名中国同性恋者,探讨父母拒绝教养方式、歧视知觉及出柜对中国同性恋者自杀的影响。结果发现:(1)父母拒绝教养方式会显著负向预测同性恋者自杀;(2)歧视知觉在父母拒绝教养方式对同性恋者自杀的影响中起中介作用;(3)出柜在歧视知觉与同性恋者自杀之间起调节作用,对于出柜的同性恋者,歧视知觉对其自杀影响不显著;对于未出柜的同性恋者,歧视知觉对其自杀有正向预测作用。

A substantial body of research has demonstrated that level of suicide risk among homosexual individuals is higher as compared to heterosexual individuals(Mu et al., 2016;Pl?derl et al., 2014;Wei, 2015);However, little is known about the important factors that influence Chinese homosexuals’ suicide. In this study, guided by social-ecological perspective and stress-diathesis model, a moderated mediation model was constructed to examine the effects and underlying mechanisms of stress(parenting rejection styles), cognition(perceived discrimination) and protective(coming out) factors on Chinese homosexuals’ suicide. Specifically, the present study examined whether parenting rejection styles were indirectly related to Chinese homosexuals’ suicide through perceived discrimination, and whether this indirect association was moderated by coming-out. The study sample included 493 homosexuals, of which 245(49.70%) were gay men and 248(50.30%) lesbians. The research focused on the 'identity-centered' model of Chinese homosexuals(Wang, 2013 b), so participants’ age ranged from 16 to 35 years(M = 24.12, SD = 5.18). Participants were recruited for the study to complete self-report questionnaires. Parenting rejection styles were measured with the short-egna minnen av barndoms uppfostran questionnaires which consisted of 12 items, and the respondents rated the extent to which they agreed with each statement on a 4-point Likert scale. Perceived discrimination was measured with the perceived discrimination questionnaire which consisted of 10 items, and the respondents rated the extent to which they agreed with each statement on a 5-point Likert scale. Suicide was measured with the suicidal behaviors questionnaire-revised which consisted of 4 items, if the participant’s score was more than 7, then the participant was considered to have a high suicide risk. Coming-out was measured with a self-made questionnaire. All the measures had good reliability and validity.The major findings of the present study showed that(1) Chinese homosexuals were high risk groups for suicide.(2) Parenting rejection styles had a negative effect on Chinese homosexuals’ suicide.(3) The negative impact of parenting rejection styles on Chinese homosexuals’ suicide was mediated by perceived discrimination, while parenting rejection styles not only had a direct influence on Chinese homosexuals’ suicide, but also had an indirect influence on Chinese homosexuals’ suicide through perceived discrimination.(4) Coming-out moderated the second path of the mediation. For homosexuals in China without coming-out, with the increase of perceived discrimination, their suicide risk had a very obviously ascending trend(βsimple =.27, t = 3.12, p <.01);For homosexuals in China with coming-out, with the increase of perceived discrimination, their suicide risk did not have a significantly ascending trend(βsimple =.10, t = 1.83, p >.05).(5) The effect of parenting rejection styles on Chinese homosexuals’ suicide was moderated mediating effect.These findings contributed to our understanding of how and when parenting rejection styles affected Chinese homosexuals’ suicide as viewed through the lenses of the stress-diathesis model. Last but not the least, the paper found special underlying mechanisms of homosexuals’ suicide in China, which was of great theoretical significance and guiding value for focusing on the suicide of Chinese homosexuals.