青少年学生公益心内隐观研究

Investigation on the Implicit View of the Teenagers' Public Interest-Minded

公益心是个体在公益行为中所具有的比较稳定的人格特征。以924名12～18岁的青少年为被试,通过公益心的词汇评定,探讨当今青少年学生对公益心内在结构的认识。结果显示,在青少年学生公益心内隐观的结构中,主要涉及四个因子,即同情友爱、环境意识、集体意识、热情自信。其中,贡献率最高的维度是同情友爱,其次是环境意识,再次是集体意识,最后才是热情自信。这表明,青少年学生普遍认为一个有爱心、同情心、责任心、同理心、乐于助人的人更具有公益心,更倾向于做出公益行为。

With the continuous development of public welfare, psychological investigation on the public welfare behavior has been gradually expanded. However, studies paying attention to the teenagers’ public interest-mindedness is rarely involved. The public interest-mindedness is a relatively stable essential characteristics manifested in public behaviors. Teenagers are the potential and major participants for public welfare. Therefore, scientific research on teenagers’ public interest-mindedness can enrich the the psychological theory of public welfare, giving instructions and inspiration for school to cultivate juvenile moral behavior. There are both theoretical significance and practical value to probe into the characteristics of teenagers’ public interest-minded. Based on previous studies, the present study carried out an exploratory study on the implicit view of the teenagers’ public interest-mindedness through the survey on teenagers’ implicit idea on public welfare. Firstly, with 435 teenagers as subjects, we adopted Implicit Theories survey method to preliminarily collect the adjectives or phrases which could describe the characteristics of the man with public interestmindedness. Specifically, participants were instructed to write adjectives and phrases reflecting traits or characteristics of people with public interestmindedness through open questionnaire which was collected and analyzed by classification and combination. We then ranked those adjectives or phrases from high to low according to frequency and lastly 80 adjectives and phrases representing characteristics of public interest-mindedness were chosen. The selected 80 adjectives and phrases were randomly arranged to form the preliminary <Questionnaire of implicit idea on public welfare for teenagers>. The questionnaire used five scoring systems with one to five from 'totally agree' to 'totally disagree'.Secondly, we recruited 489 teenagers as participants who were required to further rate the adjectives in the questionnaire according to their own understanding on public interest-mindedness. Data were initially managed and processed in Excel and further analyzed in SPSS17.0. To be specific, exploratory usability testing showed that KMO coefficient was.916 and the value of Batley ball test was 4637.597(df = 210, p=.000) which provided evidence that there was a strong correlation between every single variables, demonstrating that the data were suitable for exploratory factor analysis. The principal component analysis was used for exploratory factor analysis, showing that the eigenvalues of four factors were over 1. Considering eigenvalue rules and broken stone rules, four factors could explain 59.531% of total variance. Then, the orthogonal rotation test of the variance of the four factors was conducted, and the initial results of each factor load were obtained. 59 items were deleted based on the results of exploratory factor analysis and 21 items were selected to form the formal <Questionnaire of implicit idea on public welfare for teenagers>. Furthermore, the four-factor structure model(sympathy affection, environmental consciousness, collective consciousness, enthusiasm self-confidence) of the teenagers’ public mind were confirmed through exploratory factor analysis.Finally, the adjective questionnaire scores of additional 351 teenagers were extracted for confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS 19.0. The results showed that the fitting degree of the four-factor(sympathy affection, environmental consciousness, collective consciousness, enthusiasm self-confidence) structure model of the teenagers’ public mind was good, confirming the final four-factor structure model of the implicit view of the teenagers’ public interest-mindedness.