社区矫正人员的心理需求理论——基于扎根理论

The Psychological Demand Theory of Community Corrections——Based on the Grounded Theory

目的:探究社区矫正人员心理需求理论。方法:运用扎根理论,在文献查阅和田野调查的基础上编写访谈稿,抽取20人访谈,将访谈稿转录后筛出15份,运用Nvivo11软件分析。结果:(1)社区矫正人员的心理需求包括三大类属:接纳现实,维护自我形象,恢复和重建;(2)三大需求具有心理过程上的阶段性,并在回归社会和心理健康水平上有递进关系;(3)针对社区矫正人员、其家人、社区矫正工作人员、社区矫正心理工作者,提出"明白事、接纳人、好发展"的建议。结论:初步得出有中国特色的社矫人员心理需求理论。

Community corrections are a special group, coming into being with the establishment of community correction system. In China, although studies on the social support, social exclusion and social integration are concerned about the psychological problems, they put more emphasis on the results of community correction system than in community corrections. In practice, it is necessary to pay attention to its psychological health and psychological needs from the perspective of community corrections themselves. This is not only beneficial to promote the work of community correctional staff, but is also conducive to community corrections returning to our society smoothly. All these can reduce reoffending rate, maintain social stability and reflect the advantage of our system.This study is based on the qualitative research paradigm, applying the Grounded Theory to study the psychological needs of community corrections in the process of social integration. On the basis of literature review and field survey, this study completes the written interview, adopting the method of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. Taken 20 community corrections from Chongqing community as the interview object, it conducts a semi-structured interview, taking the mode of one-on-one, and then selects 15 samples after the selection of transcript release. In the later stage, it takes advantages of the Nvivo11 to analyze the transcript release and extract the theoretical model of community corrections’ psychological needs. It can draw conclusions as follows:The psychological needs of community corrections include three categories: accepting the reality, maintaining self-image, recovery and reconstruction. Accepting the reality includes accepting the verdict, Catharsis pressure adjustment, and facing reality. Maintaining self-image includes removing the stigma of mental health, protecting the sense of self value, presenting positive self-pursuit, and sticking to something. Recovery and reconstruction include the restoration and reconstruction of basic needs, rehabilitation and reconstruction of relational needs, self-adjustment, and the pursuit of self-value. Three requirements of community corrections have stages of psychological process and a progressive relationship in the regression of social and mental health level. The first demand is the acceptance of reality;The second demand is the maintenance of self-image and the third demand is to return to normal. When the first demand is at an advantage, community corrections pay more attention to events and the past. While the second demand is at an advantage, they will have greater motivation to pay attention to the interpersonal interaction. When the third need is at an advantage, they focus on the present and the future. However, these three major needs are not completely separated. They can exist at the same time, but only one or two of them will be the dominant needs.It can safely offer proposals as the following: putting forward the effective suggestions to community corrections and their family, The staff of community corrections and psychological workers respond to demands of the three stages. It could be summed up as 'understanding things, accepting persons, and better development'.It can also safely draw a conclusion of psychological demand about community corrections with Chinese characteristics, providing a basis for enriching China’s policy of social correction.