摘要
本研究基于对无意识目标启动的研究,补充了更为规范的阈下启动方式,采用阈上、阈下启动方式探讨无意识目标启动对自我损耗的补偿作用。实验1发现,使用句子拼接任务进行阈上无意识目标启动能够有效提高自我控制,促进自控表现。实验2发现,采用语义分类任务阈下启动无意识目标,能够有效的补偿自我损耗。上述结果提示,通过无意识启动方式激活自我控制目标,可以克服自我损耗的不良效应,且无需意识参与。
Self-control refers to one’s capacity to change,modify or inhibit dominant impulses,competing urges,or behaviors.The self-control strength model proposes that exerting self-control consumes self-control strength and thereby reduces the amount of strength that is available for subsequent self-control.Unconscious goal is a mental representation of the satisfactory state or outcome of the behavior.Researchers have found that unconscious process could change cognition and behavior as the way of conscious process.This has caused an interest in using unconscious goal priming as an intervention tool to influence behavior in line with an individual’s long-term goal.The present study hypothesizes that unconscious goal priming that embodies the automatic process can overcome ego depletion.Previous studies mainly use supraliminal priming to activate self-control goal.Based on the studies about the role of the unconscious goal priming in ego depletion,this study complemented subliminal priming,using supraliminal and subliminal priming to explore the influence of unconscious goal priming upon overcoming ego depletion.Experiment 1 was aimed at testing the hypothesis that supraliminal goal priming could overcome ego depletion.In Experiment 1,we used a 2-factor between-subject design,ego depletion and unconscious goal priming as between-subjects factors;83 subjects were randomly divided into 4 groups.We used the Stroop task to induce ego depletion,then subjects completed a scrambled sentence task to activate the self-control or neutral goal.At last,they completed the isometric handgrip squeeze.It was found that the main effect of ego depletion was significant,and the unconscious goal priming had remarkable effect,subjects primed with persistent goal performed better than non-primed subjects.The interaction effect was not significant.Experiment 2 was aimed at testing the hypothesis that subliminal goal priming could overcome ego depletion.In Experiment 2,we used a 2-factor between-subject design,ego depletion and unconscious goal priming as between-subjects factors;86 subjects were randomly divided into 4 groups.We used the Stroop task to induce ego depletion,then subjects completed the subliminal priming paradigm to prime self-control goal.At last,they completed the isometric handgrip squeeze.Experiment 2 found that the main effect of ego depletion was significant,the main effect of goal priming was also significant,and the interaction effect was significant.In the absence of unconscious goal priming,the performance of the depleted subjects was reduced,which was consistent with the definition of ego depletion.However,after the unconscious goal priming,there was no significant difference between the depleted and non-depleted subjects.This study suggests that unconscious goal priming can overcome ego depletion through supraliminal and subliminal priming.The influence of supraliminal goal priming does not depend on the depletion conditions.However,subliminal goal priming works only in depletion conditions.Ego depletion can be overcome when self-control goal is activated without conscious awareness.The present study suggests that activating self-control goal through unconscious priming can overcome ego depletion.Subjects join in this process without conscious engagement.Future research may proceed from the delayed effects of unconscious priming and explore the continuity and reliability of unconscious goal priming effects in long-term trainings.
作者
张寒梦
张力为
Zhang Hanmeng;Zhang Liwei(School of Psychology,Beijing Sport University,Beijing,100084)
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第3期563-569,共7页
Journal of Psychological Science
关键词
自我控制
无意识目标
自我损耗
阈下启动
self-control
unconscious goal
ego depletion
subliminal priming