精神分析客体关系革命的折衷进路:英国独立学派评述

The Eclectic Approach of the Object Relations Revolution of Psychoanalysis:A Review of the British School of Independents

自精神分析学诞生以来,其发展进路经历了自我革命、客体关系革命、自体革命、关系革命和神经科学革命。英国独立学派是客体关系革命的主要发起者和中间力量,它诞生于20世纪40年代英国精神分析学会内部的'论战',并在规模以及精神分析理论和技术方面都取得重大发展。独立学派的精神分析师以开放和折衷的态度批判性地汲取各种现存的精神分析观点,形成不同于克莱因学派的客体关系思想,并表现出独立性、开放性、关系性和真实性的内涵与特征。温尼科特、费尔贝恩和巴林特是独立学派的主要代表人物,他们各自建构出独特的客体关系理论,促使精神分析范式从一元驱力模式转向二元客体关系模式,推动了客体关系理论的深入发展,奠定了后续精神分析发展的基石。

Since the birth of psychoanalysis,it has experienced ego revolution,object relations revolution,self revolution,relational revolution and neuroscience revolution.The British Independent School is the main initiator and eclectic power in the object relations revolution of psychoanalysis.It was born out of the Freud-Klein Controversies within the British Psychoanalytic Society in the 1940 s,and has made significant progress both in scale and psychoanalytic theories and techniques.The independent psychoanalysts critically absorbed various kinds of existing psychoanalytic point of views with an open and eclectic attitude,and formed psychoanalytic thoughts of object relations different from Kleinians.The Independents and their theories show the connotations and characteristics of independence,openness,relationship and authenticity.Donald Winnicott,Ronald Fairbairn and Michael Balint are the key figures of the School of Independents,they all constructed their own unique object relations theories,which prompting the psychoanalytic research paradigm from unitary drive mode into dual object relations mode,promoting the further development of the object relations theory,and laying the foundation for the subsequent development of psychoanalysis.