抽象和具体的辩证法意蕴——再论《资本论》的研究方法与叙述方法及其时代意义

Dialectical Implications of Abstraction and Specificity: The Significance of the Research Methods and Narrative Methods of Das Kapital for the Era

马克思认为,抽象和具体是黑格尔作品中客观存在的两个专门性的方法用语。他在《资本论》创作中逾越了黑格尔《逻辑学》,使得知识生产超越了一切抽象形式主义规范。目前,马克思根据《资本论》的创作所提出的将研究方法与叙述方法相区别的方法论存在两种系统性表达:形式表达和实质表达。从学理上看,前一种是'形式框架'界说,我国学者持有的科学抽象法大体属于这一类型;后一种是'工作实质内容'界说,从统一思维学的范畴——'抽象和具体'出发,彰显了《资本论》辩证法道路的真实意蕴。'实质表达'是立在'形式表达'背后的规定。《资本论》中知识生产的安排体现了'思维学与逻辑学的统一'。可以说,'思维学和逻辑学的统一'是研究方法与叙述方法关系的深层构境,可据此指导科学知识生产。因此,应立足中国本位,从继承和发展的关系上理解中国特色社会主义政治经济学与《资本论》的方法论规范关系,从中发掘本土化的、真正的思维支持,以利于更好地坚持和发展马克思主义经济学。

A review of the history of Marxist methodology indicates that when writing Das Kapital,Marx put forward a methodology in which'research methods'and'narrative methods'are differentiated.At present,there are two kinds of systematic expressions:formal and substantive.From the perspective of academic principles,the former falls into the category of'formal frameworks',which includes the scientific abstraction methods adopted by Chinese scholars,while the latter falls into the category of'substantive contents of work',which includes unified thinking-'abstraction and specificity'.'Substantive expression'is the regulation behind'formal expression'.Therefore,it can be argued that the underlying structure of research methods and narrative methods is'the unity of thinking and logic',which guides the creation of scientific knowledge.It is important to understand the methodological normative relationship between socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics and Das Kapital from the perspective of the relationship between inheritance and development,in order to tap into genuine localized thinking support.