周制想象下中国古代法典法体系的再造——基于唐朝“开元六典”的考察

Reconstruction of the Chinese Ancient Codex System under the Imagination of Zhou Dynasty Constitution:An Investigation Based on the Kaiyuan Six Codes in Tang Dynasty

唐朝开元二十五年前后编撰而成的律、令、格、式及《唐六典》《开元礼》,是中国古代法典法时期法典编撰上的最高成就。'开元六典'标志着中世国家治理体系中规范层次上的法律、官制、礼制体系再塑的完成,是春秋以来特别是汉儒对周朝法律、官制、礼制想象后相应理想化的产物,成为中华法制文明的重要结晶。'开元六典'在中国法制史上具有双重作用:首先,是唐朝国家治理中的法制化产物,让国家形成了完善的、自成体系的法律制度体系;其次,是五代至清各王朝法律、官制、礼制建设的渊源和典范。'开元六典'成为五代之后中华大地上诸王朝法制建设的直接渊源,对中华法系的形成产生了积极的作用。

The Kaiyuan Six Codes was the crowning achievement in the compilation of Chinese classical codes.It marked the completion of the remodeling of the legal,official and ritual systems at the normative level in the governing system of the medieval state.It was the product of the corresponding idealization since the Spring and Autumn Period,especially after the Han Confucianism conjured up the laws,official systems and ritual systems of the Zhou Dynasty,and it became an important form of crystallization of Chinese legal civilization.In the history of Chinese legal systems,it had dual functions:firstly,it was the product of legalization in the governance of the Tang Dynasty,which allowed the country to form an efficient and self-contained legal system;secondly,it was the source and model of the legal,official and ritual construction from the Five Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty.After the Five Dynasties,the Kaiyuan Six Codes became the object of increase and decrease in the legal construction of the dynasties in China,playing a positive role in the formation of the Chinese legal genealogy.