我国东、西方蜜蜂中七种病毒感染状况的调查

Investigation of Seven Viruses in Apis cerana and Apis mellifera of China

旨在了解我国东方蜜蜂及西方蜜蜂中病毒病的流行现状及其发生差异,并分析不同地区、不同饲养环境对蜜蜂感染病毒的影响。2012—2013年从8省市采集东方蜜蜂50群和西方蜜蜂108群,利用RT-PCR技术检测残翅病毒(DWV)、黑色王台病毒(BQCV)、囊状幼虫病毒(SBV)、克什米尔蜜蜂病毒(KBV)、慢性麻痹病病毒(CBPV)、急性麻痹病病毒(ABPV)以及以色列急性麻痹病病毒(IAPV)等7种病毒在蜂群中的感染情况。结果表明,东、西方蜜蜂均被KBV之外的6种病毒感染,其中BQCV最为流行,其次为DWV。SBV对西方蜜蜂的感染率显著高于东方蜜蜂(P<0.01),CBPV、ABPV以及IAPV对两蜂种的感染率均较低,无明显差异。在东方蜜蜂的4个取样省份中,IAPV只在辽宁和海南发现,CBPV只在福建和辽宁发现,而ABPV只在广东检测到。在西方蜜蜂的7个取样省市中,DWV、BQCV及SBV均有分布,但SBV在福建的感染率明显低于其他地点(P<0.01),在新疆、北京和辽宁检测到5种病毒,在山西、山东、海南和福建则检出4种病毒。3种类型的蜜蜂饲养区中,在西方蜜蜂饲养区检测到6种病毒,东、西方蜜蜂混养区检测到5种病毒,而在东方蜜蜂饲养区只检出3种病毒。两种蜜蜂同时感染多种病毒较为普遍,多数样品被DWV、BQCV两种病毒或DWV、BQCV及SBV三种病毒共同感染。以上结果表明,中国东、西方蜜蜂中流行的病毒以BQCV与DWV为主,感染的6种病毒在不同采样地及不同类型饲养区的分布及感染水平不同,但普遍存在多种病毒的混合感染现象。

This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of bee viruses in Apis ceranaand Apis melliferaand analyze the influence of different locations and beekeeping environment on virus infection.During 2012-2013,50 colonies of Apis cerana and 108 colonies of Apis mellifera were collected from 8provinces and municipalities.RT-PCR was used to detect seven viruses,deformed wing virus(DWV),black queen cell virus(BQCV),sac brood virus(SBV),Kashmir bee virus(KBV),chronic bee paralysis virus(CBPV),acute bee paralysis virus(ABPV)and Israeli acute paralysis virus(IAPV).The results showed that no KBV was detected in any samples.BQCV was most prevalent among the six detected viruses,and DWV was the second in both honey bee species.Infection rate of SBV in Apis mellifera is significantly higher than in Apis cerana(P<0.01).CBPV,ABPV and IAPV were present at low levels in both species.Among the four provinces for Apis ceranasamples,IAPV was found in Liaoning and Hainan,CBPV was present in Fu-jian and Liaoning while ABPV was only detected in Guangdong.DWV,BQCV and SBV distributed in all seven provinces where Apis mellifera were collected.But SBV infected at lower level in Fujian than the other locations(P<0.01).Five viruses were present in Xinjiang,Beijing and Liaoning,and four viruses were detected in Shanxi,Shandong,Hainan and Fujian.For the three types of beekeeping areas,six viruses were found in Apis melliferaisolated areas,while five viruses in mixed Apis mellifera and Apis cerana areas and only three viruses in Apis ceranaisolated areas.Simultaneous multiple viruses infection was common in both species,with most samples were infected with DWV and BQCV or DWV,BQCV and SBV.These results indicated that BQCV and DWV were the most prevalent viruses in both species.The distribution and infection rate of the six detected viruses varied in different locations and beekeeping areas,but multiple-viruses infection was common in two honeybee species.