动物性食品中磺胺类药物残留检测方法研究进展

Progress in research on detection of sulfonamide residues in animal derived foods

磺胺类药物是一类人工合成广谱抗菌药物,因为其疗效好且价格相对低廉,在动物养殖和疾病防治中应用较为广泛。但这类药物在使用后易以原型排出,且大剂量、长时间使用时会造成其在动物产品中的残留,对人的健康和环境造成危害。对动物性食品中磺胺类药物残留的检测是保证产品食用安全和减少环境污染的重要措施。磺胺类药物由于种类多、使用广泛、在不同动物性产品中的残留情况也不相同,在对其残留进行检测时,应选择合适方法对样品进行处理和检测。本文介绍了样品前处理的常用方法,如液液萃取等传统方法和固相萃取法、固相微萃取法以及基质固相分散法等的原理、优缺点等。对动物性食品中磺胺类药物的检测,应用较多的是高效液相色谱法、毛细管电泳法放射免疫法、免疫传感器发和酶联免疫法等,可使实现对产品中药物残留的定性和定量检测,但是也存在需要专门仪器、检测时间相对较长的问题;快速检测方法最常用的就是胶体金免疫层析方法,可以实现对中多种磺胺类药物的快速和定性的检测,是食品种抗菌药物检测技术研究的一个发展方向。通过对动物性食品中抗微生物残留进行初步筛查,确定为阳性的样品在进行实验室的定量检测,是保证产品安全、可操作的基本程序。研究高通量、敏感、快速、操作简便的动物性食品中磺胺类药物残留检测技术,也是一个重要方面。

Sulfonamides are a class of synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs,because of their good efficacy and relatively low price,these drugs are widely used in animal breeding and disease prevention.However,such drugs are easily excreted by the prototype after use,and high dosage and long-term use may cause residues in animal products,which may cause harm to human health and the environment.Therefore,detection of sulfonamide residues in animal derived foods is an important measure to ensure the safety of products and to reduce environmental pollution.Due to the wide variety of sulfonamides and their wide use,the residues in different animal derived products also vary.When testing the residues,the samples should be processed and tested by an appropriate method.This paper introduces the common methods of sample pretreatment,including the principles,advantages and disadvantages of traditional methods(liquid-liquid extraction),solid phase extraction,solid phase microextraction,and matrix solid phase dispersion.For detection of sulfonamides in animal derived foods,high-performance liquid chromatography,capillary electrophoresis,radioimmunoassay,immunosensor and enzyme-linked immunoassay may be used to qualitatively and quantitatively determine drug residues in products.However,there are also problems of requiring specialized instruments and relatively long detection time.The most commonly used method for rapid detection in this regard is colloidal gold immunochromatography,which can achieve rapid and qualitative detection of a variety of sulfonamides,which is a direction in developing antibacterial drug detection technology for foods.By performing preliminary screening of antimicrobial residues in animal derived foods,quantitative determination of samples that are positive in the laboratory is the basic procedure for ensuring product safety and easy operation.This is also an important aspect of research on the detection technology of sulfonamide residues in animal derived foods with high throughput,sensitivity,rapidity and easy operation.