《文心雕龙》“封禅”与《文选》“符命”文体命名辨析

Analysis of the Nomenclature of “Fengshan”in Wen Xin Dao Long and “Fuming”in Wen Xuan

论者每以《文心雕龙》"封禅"体与《文选》"符命"体乃同体异称,但对其成因未作探究。"封禅"与"符命"的不同命名,应与魏晋南北朝无一帝王行封禅礼,而符命却被频繁利用,符命思想在这一时期走向整合等现实因素密切相关。在此问题上,萧统的政治敏感性无疑比刘勰更高。通过追溯"封禅"、"符命"的文体命名史可以发现,由于刘勰"封禅"体的内涵、外延不甚明晰,所以虽更早被命为文体,反不如"符命"这一命名影响深远。

Many people considered that the nomenclature of 'Fengshan'was the same as that of'Fuming'. But very few were concerned about why the same style had two names. In fact,there were many reasons. From Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Northern and Southern Dynasties,no emperors hosted the 'Fengshan'Ceremonies,but the Fuming ideology was frequently made use of. The name used in Wen Xuan showed that Xiao Tong had more political sensitivity than Liu Xie. The nomenclature adopted by Liu Xie was ambiguous in connotation and denotation,so the influence of 'Fuming'was greater.