国外道德创伤症状研究评述

Research Commentary of Foreign Studies on Moral Injury Symptoms

道德创伤是一种特殊类型的创伤,其特征是内疚、羞愧和失去信任,而这种创伤可能是由于违背自我道德价值和道德信仰而产生的。现有道德创伤的症状研究包括Jeremy D. Jinkerson的观点和Harold G. Koeni的观点。Jeremy D. Jinkerson认为:内疚、羞耻、失去信任是其核心症状,抑郁、焦虑、愤怒、重新体验道德冲突、自残和社会问题是其次要症状;Harold G. Koeni等认为:违背道德准则的事件会造成心理上的道德创伤(内疚、羞愧、背叛、违背道德价值观、意义丧失,难以原谅、失去信任、自我谴责)和精神上的道德创伤(信仰的冲突与丧失),进而产生临床结果,表现为创伤后应激障碍症状、情绪低落、焦虑、滥用药物、人际关系问题、痛苦、生成缺陷。

Moral injury is a special type of trauma characterized by guilt,shame and loss of trust,which may be caused by violation of self-moral values and moral beliefs.The existing study of moral injury Symptoms included the view of Jeremy D.Jinkerson and the view of Harold G.Koeni.Jeremy D.Jinkerson perceived that guilt,shame and loss of trust were the core symptoms,followed by depression,anxiety,anger,re-experience of the moral conflict,self-harm and social problems.Harold G.Koeni and his colleagues believed that events violating moral standards could cause psychological moral trauma(including guilt,shame,betrayal,violation of moral values,loss of meaning,inexcusable,loss of trust,self-condemnation)and spiritual moral trauma(such as conflict and loss of religious belief).And then some clinical outcomes were produced,manifested as:symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder,depression,anxiety,substance abuse,relationship problems,pain,and physical defects.