假两性畸形患者助孕的法律伦理问题探讨

Discussion of Legal and Ethical Issues of Assisted Pregnancy in Patients with Pseudohermaphroditism

随着现代医学技术的发展,部分因性发育异常无法自然生育的患者,可借助辅助生殖技术助孕生育后代。然而对于生物性别和社会性别不符的假两性畸形患者,可能存在一些法律和伦理问题:中国婚姻法只承认异性婚姻组成的家庭,通常情况下生物性别和社会性别一致,当两者不符合时,法律层面的异性是指生物性别或是社会性别,无明确界定;如此类女性假两性畸形患者,当其男性社会性别得到认同,能提供结婚证并需要供精助孕时,但《人类辅助生殖技术规范》并未对假两性畸形患者是否可以申请供精作出明确规定。因而,将通过一例女性假两性畸形患者要求供精助孕治疗案例,探讨针对此类患者该如何为其提供合法合理的助孕治疗。

With the development of modern medical technology,some patients with abnormal sexual development who can not have natural reproduction can help to have healthy offspring through assisted reproductive technology.However,there may be some legal and ethical problems for pseudohermaphroditism patients with biological gender and social gender inconsistency:China’s Marriage Law only recognizes families consisting of heterosexual marriages,in general,biological gender and social gender are the same.When biological gender and social gender do not conform,the opposite sex at the legal level refers to biological gender or social gender,which is not clearly defined.When such female pseudohermaphroditism patients are identified with their male gender,can provide marriage certificates and need sperm to assist in pregnancy,the'Technical Specification for Human Assisted Reproduction'does not clearly stipulate whether the pseudohermaphroditism patients can apply for sperm donation.Through a case of female pseudohermaphroditism patients requiring sperm donation for fertility treatment,this paper focused on how to provide legal and reasonable fertility treatment for such patients.