“以患者为中心”的医疗照护的发展及国内实践路径

The Development of Patient-Centered Care and Its Domestic Practice Path

以患者中心的照护模式在国内外广泛应用于临床护理,受到患者的欢迎,提高了护理质量。简要梳理以患者为中心的照护模式的背景、历史和重要发展阶段,重点探索其在国内的实践路径:理论层面包括需要层次理论与以患者为中心的医疗照护和在临床决策中纳入患者意愿;操作层面包括成立患者资源中心、在护理部下设患者体验部、叙事医学模式介入、将护士的人文执业胜任力纳入绩效考核及加强专科护士培训。

Patient-centered care mode is widely used in clinical nursing at home and abroad,which is welcomed by patients and improves the quality of nursing.This paper briefly reviewed the background,history and important development stages of patient-centered care mode,and focused on exploring its practical path in China.The theoretical level included the hierarchy of needs theory,patient-centered medical care and the incorporation of patient willingness into clinical decision-making.The operational level included the establishment of patient resource center,the establishment of patient experience department under the nursing department,the intervention of narrative medicine mode,the incorporation of nurses’humanistic competence into performance appraisal and the strengthening of specialist nurses’training.