青蒿花粉活力及柱头可授性研究

Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity of Artemisia annua L.

以野生青蒿中形态差异较为明显的绿秆(品系Y03)和紫红秆(品系Y07)为材料,分别以碘-碘化钾染色法、TTC染色法、联苯胺-甲萘酚染色法和离体萌发法测定其花粉活力,并从中选取较适宜的检测方法研究其贮藏特性,采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定其柱头的可授性.结果表明,碘-碘化钾和TTC染色法不适宜青蒿的花粉活力检测,联苯胺-甲萘酚染色法可以用于快速测定青蒿花粉活力,但测定值偏高,离体萌发法能准确可靠地反应花粉活力;两个品系的新鲜花粉在室温条件下只能贮藏2d,4℃,-19℃条件下可以贮藏3d,干燥处理显著加快了花粉活力的丧失;联苯胺-过氧化氢法测得两个品系青蒿柱头可授期为8~10d,边缘雌花可授性比中央两性花的强,且其可授期比中央两性花长1~2d.

The pollen viability of two accessions of wild A rtemisia annua L. ,Y03 with green stem stem and Y07 with purple‐red ,was tested with the methods of I2‐KI (iodine‐potassium iodide dyeing method) , TTC (triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining) ,benzidine‐α‐naphthol coloring and pollen germination in vitro ,respectively ,and suitable detection methods were selected from them for determining the storage characteristics of pollen .Then stigma receptivity of the species was evaluated with the benzidine‐H2 O2 method .The results indicated that I2‐KI and TTC were unsuitable for the test of pollen viability of A. an‐nua ;benzidine‐α‐naphthol coloring could be used to measure pollen viability ,but the measured value was a bit too high ;the method of germination in vitro proved to be most desirable ,and it could accurately and reliably reflect pollen viability .The appropriate storage time of the pollen was 2 days at room temperature , and 3 days at 4 ℃ or at -19 ℃ .Drying treatment significantly accelerated the loss of pollen vitality .De‐termined with the benzidine‐H2 O2 method ,the period of stigma receptivity of wild A. annua lasted 8 -10 days .The outer female flowers had better stigma receptivity than the central bisexual flowers ,and their stigma receptivity lasted 1-2 days longer than those of the central bisexual flowers .