黄河源地区草地联户经营模式及其影响因素研究——以4个典型乡为例

Factors Influencing the Group-Household Grassland Management in the Source Region of the Yellow River——A Case Study of 4 Typical Townships

草地资源的持续退化使黄河源地区畜牧业生产受到威胁.合理的草地经营模式是减缓草地退化的关键,联户放牧已成为牧民普遍认可的草地经营方式之一.运用参与式农村评估法(PRA)对4个典型乡镇160户牧户进行调查,分析单户放牧和联户放牧两种草地经营模式家庭情况和草地管理的差异,运用二元Logistic模型定量分析影响草地经营模式选择的关键因素.研究结果表明:1)联户经营模式在研究区更为普遍,联户经营模式在草地质量和管理情况上均表现出一定优势.2)人均收入、户主年龄对牧户选择联户放牧具有明显的正向影响,家庭草场质量等级和家庭草场面积则有明显的负向影响.引入社区管理、开展合作社、引导劳动力转移将有助于联户草地经营模式的规范和稳定发展.

Animal husbandry production was threatened by the continuing degradation of grassland resources in the Source Region of the Yellow River.The group-household grassland management got more and more recognition in reducing the grassland degradation.The method of participatory rural appraisal(PRA)was adopted.In this study,160 households among 4townships were investigated.A binary logistic regression model was employed to explain the key factors of the patterns of grassland utilization decisions.The results indicate that:1)the group-household grassland management has clear advantages on grassland quality and management investment.2)The Logistic model analysis suggests that per-capita income and age of household head had significant positive impacts on the group-household grassland management.On the other hand,grassland quality level and grassland area had significant negative impacts.In order to improve stable development of the group-household grassland management in the Source Region of the Yellow River,targeted measures need to be adopted by the government,such as introducing the community management mechanism,encouraging and developing animal husbandry cooperatives,guiding labor force to transfer to the secondary and tertiary industries,and so on.