彭阳县不同收入水平农民健康状况及其影响因素分析

Health Status and Its Risk Factors among Rural Residents at Different Income Levels in Pengyang County

目的探讨宁夏彭阳县农村全人群健康状况及其影响因素。方法利用'提高卫生保健系统效率、公平、质量的社会实践项目'对2009、2011、2012年宁夏彭阳县农民家庭卫生健康调查数据进行定量和定性研究。结果两周患病率2009、2011和2012年女性高于男性(2009年:χ~2=33.4,P=0.000;2011年:χ~2=8.7,P=0.003;2012年:χ~2=8.8,P=0.003)。不同收入居民两周患病率2009年中等收入组最高,低收入组患病率最低,2011年中等收入组两周患病率最高,中低收入组最低,差异均有统计学意义(2009年:χ~2=17.9,P=0.001;2011年:χ~2=14.4,P=0.004);不同收入组间慢性病患病率2009年中高收入组患病率最高,低收入组最低,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=10.3,P=0.035),2011和2012年不同收入组间慢性病患病率差异无统计学意义;影响两周患病的主要因素为性别、婚姻、文化程度、职业、年龄和收入水平;其中年龄的OR估计值=0.711,收入水平分级的OR值=0.939;慢性病患病率影响因素的Logistic分析显示:性别、年龄和收入水平是影响慢性病患病的主要因素。结论农民收入水平在不断提高,但是不同收入居民健康状况差异明显,尤其是低收入人群患病率较高收入人群患病率高,要重视低收入人群健康状况,提高健康公平性。

Objective To explore health status and its risk factors among rural residents at different income levels in Pengyang County. Methods The qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted based on the data from project 'to improve the quality,efficiency and fairness of health care system'in 2009,2011,2011 of pengyang county. Results Two-week prevalences of year 2009,2011 and 2012 in women were significantly higher than those in men( 2009: χ~2= 33. 4,P = 0. 000; 2011: χ~2= 8. 7,P = 0. 003; 2012: χ~2=8. 8,P = 0. 003). The two-week prevalence in middle income group was the highest in different income levels of year 2009 while it was the lowest in low-income groups. The two-week prevalence in middle income group was the highest in different income levels of year 2011 while it was the lowest in low and middle-income groups( 2009: χ~2= 17. 9,P = 0. 001; 2011: χ~2= 14. 4,P = 0. 004). Prevalence of the chronic diseases was the highest in high income group of 2009 while it was the lowest in the low-income groups( χ~2=10. 3,P = 0. 035). The gender,the marriage status,the education level,the occupation,age and the income level were main influencing factors to two-week prevalence. The influence factor of chronic disease prevalence of Logistic analysis showed: the gender,the age and the income level of regression coefficient difference had statistical significance. Conclusion The farmers' income level is improving while the difference of health status is obvious in residents with different income,levels. Much attention should be paid to health in residents with the low-income for improving the health equity.