水中冲击伤动物伤情特点与脏器组织病理学的变化

Injury Characteristic and Changes of Organ Histoincompatibility in Underwater Impact Injuries in Animals

目的研究动物受水中冲击波作用后机体组织病理学变化的特点。方法家兔64只 ,小猪15只 ,清醒状态 ,置于水下2m或6m处 ,由水面供给压缩空气 ,距爆心6～26.3m ,经用50g和500gTNT两种不同当量球型炸药爆炸后观察动物组织病理学的变化。结果水中冲击波作用后 ,可引起动物肺脏出血、肺水肿、肺大泡形成和肺撕裂伤 ,肝脏出血与肝破裂 ,胃肠道出血及穿孔 ,大脑蛛网膜下腔出血和血肿 ,心肌出血、水肿等。研究证实 ,在相同实验条件下 ,不同爆炸物的当量与冲击波致机体损伤的程度有很大差别。这些变化与动物在水中承受的爆炸冲量和能流密度大小与所处水深有关。结论水中冲击波可造成水下动物肺、肝、胃肠道、大脑、心脏、肾脏等脏器的损伤 ,其致伤程度与动物接受的爆炸冲量、能流密度和所处水深有关。

Objective To study the injury characteristic of histoincompatibility after underwater shock wave in animals.Methods64rabbits and15small pigs were placed2m or6m underwater with consciousness.Changes of histoincompatibility were observed6～26.3m from the center of explosion after50g and500g TNT explosion underwater.The animals respired air by water face supply during experiment.Results After TNTunderwater exploˉsion,pulmonary bleeding,pneumonedeme,laceration of lungs and bullace of lungs occurred in animals.The hepˉatorrhexis,hemorrhage of liver and perforation also happened.Meanwhile,cerebral subarachnoid hemorrhage,hemorrhage and edema of myocardium were also observed.The results showed that different explosion equivalent and shock wave have very different injury degrees in same experimental condition.These changes may relate to enˉergy floating density and underwater depth of animals.Conclusions Underwater explosion resulted in shock wave and caused the injuries of organs in animals,such as lungs,liver,gastrointestinal tract,brain,heart and kidneys and so on.The degree of injury related to explosion imposing,energy floating density and underwater depth of aniˉmals.