薇甘菊生态防除研究初报

A Preliminary Study on Ecological Control of Mikania micrantha H.B.K.

为了生态防除外来入侵植物薇甘菊 ,在受害严重的深圳、东莞设置试验地 ,在人工除草 (包括全部薇甘菊 )后搭配种植 9个树种、1种灌木和 1种草本 ,并设置固定样方调查薇甘菊的生物量、盖度、密度及其周围人工种植的、野生的乔灌草植物生长量、盖度。初步研究表明 :(1)深圳试验地大叶相思、马占相思和东莞试验地米老排、樟树的冠幅增长最快 ,宜作为防除薇甘菊的造林树种 ;蟛蜞菊生长迅速 ,可在短期内有效抵御薇甘菊侵害 ;(2 )薇甘菊生物量与其它植物总盖度的关系符合负指数曲线模型 ;(3)薇甘菊盖度、密度与其它植物总盖度均呈极显著或显著负相关 ,能很好地拟合线性模型 ;(4 )据 (2 )、(3) ,其它植物总盖度以及包括其内的林木冠幅 (或郁闭度 )、草本层盖度 ,可作为评价一个植物群落抵御薇甘菊为害的能力或一种生态防除措施的效能的实用而方便的指标。种植当地适生乔灌草植物或促进野生植物生长 ,建立稳定的复层群落结构 ,可持续有效地抵御薇甘菊的侵害。

In order to ecologically control an exotic invasive plant, Mikania micrantha H.B.K.,two experimental sites were established in Shenzhen and Dongguan of Guangdong Province where this exotic species has caused great damage to the local plant communities. After all the weeds including M. micrantha were removed by hand, nine tree species, one shrub, and one herb were planted in groups, and meanwhile fixed plots were set up for observing the biomass, coverage, density of M. micrantha and the growth and coverage of the other planted and wild trees, shrubs and herbs. The results indicated that: (1) the crown diameter of Acacia auriculaeformis, Acacia mangium in Shenzhen and that of Mytilaria laosensis, Cinnamomum camphora in Dongguan increased most rapidly, and thus these tree species were suitable to control M. micrantha by the method of afforestation the herb Wedelia chinensis grows rapidly and can expel M. micrantha in the short run (2) the relationship between the biomass of M. micrantha and the total coverage of the surrounding plants very significantly followed the negative exponential curve model (3) the coverage (or density) of M. micrantha very significantly (or significantly) negatively correlated with the total coverage of the other plants, following the linear models very well and (4) according to (2) and (3), the coverage of the other plants can serve for a useful and convenient measurement index of the ecological control benefit. It may be an effective sustainable method for ecologically controlling the exotic species to cultivate well-growing trees, shrubs and herbs including wild plants so as to establish a multi-layer stable community structure.