从绝对理性到相对理性——民法法典化的思路

From the Absolute Ration to Relative Ration

如何制定我国民法典 ?学者们意见分歧较大 ,有学者将其归纳为三种思路即英美式、法国式和德国式。三种思路中的法国式、德国式的主张均强调民法典内部结构的逻辑性和体系性 ,注重法典的形式理性。然而 ,纵观 2 0世纪以来 ,各国民法典为迎合社会、经济发展的需求而发生的种种变化表明 ,传统的民法典试图将所有的民事法律规范纳入其中的设计只不过是一个梦想而已 ,其所倡导的形式理性正在从绝对理性向相对理性转变 ,社会需要的是一部更多体现实质理性的民法典。基于此 ,笔者认为 ,我国在制定民法典的思路中应选择制定颁布单行法 ,即形成一部体系开放的实质上的民法典 ,而非传统民法所倡导的形成一部逻辑性极强 ,容纳内容有限的形式上的民法典 ,以符合当代的社会。

How to make our civil code? Opinions are varied on this point and they are categories into three kinds: the British and American Style, the French Style and the German Style among which the latter two emphasize the logic and systematic features in their internal structures, and their rational feature in their forms. Nevertheless, since the 20th century, in order to meet the need of social and economic development, the fact that the civil laws of each country has undergone great changes indicates that the planning of the traditional civil code intending to put all civil laws into its system is a mere dream; the past-advocated rational feature in form is being transformed from absolute ration to relative ration while society needs one which can better embody practical ration. Based on the previous observation, the author thinks that China should choose to implement laws for particular situations in its thought of making civil code, that is, to form a systematically open and practical civil code instead of one with strong logic feature in form but rather limited in its content so as to meet the need of modern social and economic development.