从“社会身份本位”到“人类需要本位”:中国社会政策的范式演进

From Social Status-based to Human Needs-based Social Policy:the Changes of Chinese Social Policy Paradigm and the Construction of the “Social China”

当代中国社会政策的发展肇始于"国家主义"的劳动保险制度,具有明显的"社会身份本位"特征。改革开放以来,中国社会政策的范式经历了从"发展主义"到新世纪社会政策的转型和变革,"人类需要本位"的要素开始出现并逐渐成为社会政策范式演进的重要基础。在这一过程中,社会福利的供给内容和覆盖范围得到了不断扩展,但仍然存在着福利制度碎片化、福利受益群体之间待遇殊异、基本公共服务供给不足等现实问题。党的十八大以来,中国社会政策发展进入新时代,民生导向得到进一步强化,并且随着精准扶贫、健康中国等重大民生战略的推行,社会政策开始在反贫困、健康等领域实现重点突破,社会政策的覆盖群体和保障水平进一步扩展和提升。

The development of social policy in contemporary China originated from the labor insurance system, which has obvious characteristic of nationalism and social status basis. Since the reform and opening-up, the paradigm of China’s social policy has undergone the transformation from 'developmentalism'to social policy in the new age, and the elements of 'human needs' have begun to emerge and become an important basis for the evolution of social policy paradigm. In this process, the content and coverage of social welfare have been expanded continuously, but there are still some realistic problems such as fragmentation of welfare system, treatment distinct between welfare beneficiary groups and insufficient supply of basic public services. Since the 18 th CPC National Congress, the development of Chinese social policy has entered a new era, the people’s livelihood orientation has been further strengthened, and with the implementation of major livelihood strategies such as 'precision poverty alleviation' and 'healthy China',social policy has begun to achieve key breakthroughs in areas such as anti-poverty and health, and the coverage groups and protection levels of social policy have been further expanded and enhanced.