“集体”的生成与再造:农村土地集体所有制的政治逻辑解析

The Formation and Reconstruction of Jiti: Political Logic Analysis of Collective Ownership of Rural Land

在经典马克思主义理论中,所有制并不是一种具体的产权安排,将公有制直接落定为集体所有权是特定历史阶段和认识前提下的产物。当前,初建农村集体组织时那种以农村居民的居住地划定集体范围的做法已经不适应新时代的发展要求,农村"集体"的再造成为必然趋势。深化改革的核心是实现"集体"及其成员权的现代转型,逐步赋予集体成员退出、重组与再联合的权利。以"三权分置"为中心的土地制度改革为解决集体成员权问题提供了重要窗口,更大改革红利的释放有赖于针对不同类型村庄制定具体的操作性方案。

In the classical Marxist theory,ownership is not a specific property right arrangement.The direct determination of public ownership as collective ownership is the product of a specific historical stage and cognitive space.At present,the practice of demarcating the collective scope by rural residents’residences in the initial construction of rural collective organizations has not adapted to the development requirements of the new era,and the re-invention of rural Jiti('集体',collective)is an inevitable trend.The core of deepening reform is to realize the modern transformation of'Jiti'and its membership rights,and gradually give the collective members the right to withdraw,reorganize and rejoin.The land system reform centered on the'three rights division'provides an important window for solving the problem of collective membership rights.The release of the larger reform dividend depends on the formulation of specific operational plans for different types of villages.