绢帛与钱贯:唐代赃估规则之嬗变与运行

Silk and Copper Money: Evolution and Operation on the Rules of Stolen Property Valuation in Tang Dynasty

伴随"开元通宝"信用确立与长期行用,钱绢并用体制逐步确立,铜钱在经济活动中的地位日益提升,大量以钱贯数额记录赃值的案例屡见史乘,遂在"赃罪"领域形成"以钱计赃"与"以绢计赃"并驾齐驱的二重书写模式。现钱逐渐取得与绢帛分庭抗礼的经济地位,甚至在大和、会昌年间,一跃成为计赃的直接依据。但是,由于唐代始终坚持"布帛为本,钱刀是末"的既定策略,钱贯始终无法彻底突破既有窠臼,成为取代绢帛的基本计赃依据。"计钱定赃,准律折绢"量刑原则的适用,恰为唐代钱绢二元货币格局在司法领域的现实投射。

Accompanied by the establishment and long-term use of'Kaiyuan Tongbao'('开元通宝')copper coins credit,the system of coexistence of using copper money and silk has been gradually established.The status of copper coins in economic activities has been increasing,and a large number of cases in which the stolen property is recorded in the amount of copper coins can often be seen in historical records,thus forming a dual writing mode of'calculating stolen property by copper coins'and'calculating stolen property by silk'in the field of'responsibility for the corrupting affairs'.Copper coins has gradually gained an economic position that can be against with silk,which even becomes the direct basis for calculating stolen property in the Dahe and Huichang period.However,because the Tang governmen always adhere to the established strategy of'textiles are the fundamental and copper money is the incidental',copper money cannot completely break through the existing pattern and replace the status of silk,becoming the basic basis for calculating stolen property.The application of the sentencing principle,'calculate copper coins according to the amount of stolen property,and then convert into silk according to the legal provisions',is exactly the realistic reflection of the dual currency pattern in the judicial field of Tang Dynasty.