非法集资案件财物处置刑民交叉的规范路径

Standardized Path for the Disposal of Property in Illegal Crowdfunding Cases

非法集资类案件必然涉及到刑民交叉的问题,相较于一般刑民交叉案件的财物处置,集资类案件的财物处置有其特殊规则,强调多方利益平衡,集资者参与的民间借贷一律纳入非法集资范围,并设置了专门的行政化处置程序。这些处置规则,在强调集资参与人利益保护的同时,忽视了非集资参与人的权益,不区分"同一事实"与"有关联但不是同一事实"的民间借贷关系,先刑后民时未明确法院的民事生效裁决应如何处理,行政化和刑事追赃两种涉案财物处置程序均难以处理非法集资财物处置中的复杂关系。在现有法律规定的基础上,应当细化民间借贷的认定标准,依法判断民间借贷是否属于非法集资范围;先刑后民时明确民事生效裁决可作为财产处置依据;同时处置涉案财物程序应司法化。

Illegal Crowdfunding cases inevitably involve the intersection of criminal and civil. Compared with the disposal of property in cases of common criminals, there are special rules for the disposal of property in illegal crowdfunding cases, emphasizing the balance of interests of all parties. The private lending of fund-raiser participating is identified as illegal crowdfunding, and special administrative procedures have been set up. While emphasizing the protection of the interests of fund-raising participants, they do not distinguish between 'same facts' and 'related but not the same facts'. It is necessary to refine the criteria for the identification of private lending, and to determine whether private lending is illegally funded.