文学存在复杂样态的认定与价值评价问题——以小小说考察为中心

The Confirmation and Value Evaluation of Complex Style in Literature: Focusing on the Investigation of Small Novels

以小小说文学活动为中心展开研究,可发现和考察当前文学复杂存在样态,确认性质认定和价值评价的基本观念及理路。在实践理性和民间文艺美学搭建的大视野中,第一,小小说以"平民艺术"为号召、字数短小为限定的民间倡仪之发生缘由,呈现为适应环境和利用新条件之便利实现生活状态与艺术行为的同一的特点,以及"我们"规范的叙事立场、内容和情节链的文本逻辑等。第二,以冯骥才和聂鑫森为个案可深入考察知名作家加入小小说的缘由、状况以及与小小说发展的复杂关联性。第三,从纵向历史环境的中国悠久叙事传统和小说文体变通规律与个人效应发挥等原因,横截面环境的"有意义的结构"的社会主义先进文化与小小说同构机制,以及人作为实践主体的审美本能需求与小小说的吸引机制等诸方面,可探究小小说起步民间并与作家文学接续融汇的根本机制问题。第四,从小小说写作者、接受者两个方面综合而论,可考察小小说的功能与性质。第五,基于价值体系建设任务维度,从欣赏与消费的同一、知识教育与核心价值观教育同一、文学普遍性教育与提高同一、生活与美育同一等四个方面,可推测小小说定位于社会中自我教育的理论设想之合理性和可能性。

The academic goal of this paper is to discover and investigate the complex existing forms of literature, confirm the basic concepts and rationales of nature identification and value evaluation. For this reason, the literary activities of short stories are chosen as the center to carry out the study. From the perspective of practical rationality and aesthetics of folk literature and art, firstly, this paper examines the reasons for the occurrence of folk initiatives in small fiction, which are limited by the short number of words called for by 'civilian art';the characteristics of realizing the identity of life state and artistic behavior by adapting to the environment and utilizing the convenience of new conditions;and the textual logic of the narrative stand, content and plot chain of 'we' norms. Secondly, taking Feng Jicai and Nie Xinsen as examples, this paper investigates the reasons why well-known writers joined the small novels, its status and its complex relationship with the development of the small novel. Thirdly, from the aspects of the long narrative tradition of China in the vertical historical environment, the flexible rule of novel style and the exertion of individual effect, the advanced socialist culture of 'meaningful structure' in the cross-sectional environment and the isomorphic mechanism of small novel, as well as the aesthetic instinct demand of human being as the subject of practice and the attraction mechanism of small novel, this paper explores the folk initiation of small novel and the writer’s essay and the basic mechanism of learning continuity and integration. Fourthly, the function and nature of small fiction are comprehensively investigated from two aspects, namely, the writer and the receiver of small fiction. Fifthly, based on the task dimension of value system construction, this paper discusses the rationality and possibility of the theoretical assumption that small fiction is positioned in self-education in society from four aspects: the identity of appreciation and consumption, the identity of knowledge education and core value education, the identity of literary universality education and improvement, and the identity of life and aesthetic education.