公司属人法的确定:内部事务理论的规范路径

Determination of Personal Law of the Corporation:the Normative Path of the Internal Affairs Doctrine

内部事务理论在公司属人法确定中获得了大多数国家的广泛接受。只有深入发掘内部事务理论的规范立场、规范范围以及规范例外,才能明晰其意义和未来发展方向,对我国的立法改进才有现实意义。历史演变中,内部事务理论实现了从尊重公司成立地国地域主权到公司设立自由的价值转化,契合了私人自治的价值目标,由此得到各国的推崇。但是,内部事务理论在实施过程中出现了规范事项边界不清与特拉华州综合症、虚假外国公司以及对相关方利益保护不足的问题。内部事务理论只有依赖自身体系的补正来明确规范范围和借助体系之外的直接干预使其规范受到相关方利益维护的限制,才能真正发挥其正面效能和实现其价值目标。立足中国国情,我国有关内部事务理论的规范范围及规范限制的规定存在明显不足,通过借鉴和解释,寻求合理的改进意见成为必需。

The internal affairs doctrine has been widely accepted by most countries in the determination of the personal law of the corporation. Only by a thorough exploration of the normative position,normative scope and normative exceptions of internal affairs doctrine can we clarify its meaning and future development direction,and have practical significance for China’s legislative improvement. In the historical evolution,the internal affairs doctrine realized the value transformation from respecting the territorial sovereignty of the country where the company was established to the freedom of establishment of the company,and it was in line with the value goal of private autonomy,which was highly praised by all countries. However,in the implementation of the internal affairs doctrine,there are problems in the boundary of the normative matters,the Delaware Syndrome,the false foreign companies,and the insufficient protection of the interests of related parties. The internal affairs doctrine can only truly exert its positive performance and achieve its value goal by relying on the correction of its own system to clarify the scope of the norm and the direct intervention outside the system to make its norms restricted by the interests of the relevant parties. Based on China’s national conditions,there are obvious deficiencies in the normative scope and normative restrictions of China’s internal affairs doctrine. It is necessary to seek reasonable improvement opinions through reference and explanation.