土地整治工程对耕地利用格局的影响——以黑龙江859农场为例

The Impact of Land Consolidation Project to the Cultivated Land Use Pattern: Taking 859 Reclamation Farm of Heilongjiang Province As an Example

耕地利用格局能够反映区域资源配置的合理性,可以为土地整治规划和耕地利用格局优化提供依据.以859农场为研究区,在RS和GIS技术支撑下,选取垦殖率、土地利用动态度指数、斑块密度和景观形状指数,分析2009～2015年研究区耕地数量、内部结构、地类转化、景观格局的变化及其特征.结果表明:(1) 2009～2015年之间859农场的耕地总量变化微小,整体分布呈现"北扩东进"态势;(2)旱地在耕地中的比重降低而水田比重上升,水田成为耕地利用的优势类型;(3)旱地以转出水田为主,水田以旱地转入为主,转移总量相当但转移方向相反;(4)旱地斑块数量增加,形状呈简单化态势;水田斑块数量减小,形状呈复杂化态势.最后对该区域土地整治工程的实施提出建议:适度控制水田化的扩张规模和速度,根据不同需求,确定整治规划的重点和方向.

The cultivated land use pattern reflect the reasonability for regional resource allocation,and provide a basis for land consolidation planning and arable land use pattern optimization.Taken 859 reclamation farm in Heilongjiang Province as the research area,the techniques of RS and GIS were principally adopted,the cultivation rate,land use dynamic index,patch density and landscape shape index were selected to analyze the changes and characteristics of the cultivated land quantity,internal structure,land type transformation and landscape pattern in the study area of 2009~2015..The results shows that:(1)the total quantity change of arable land of 859 reclamation farm in 2009~2015 is smooth and steady,and it appeared a trend that the overall cropland distribution is expanding to the northern and advancing to the eastern in the research area.(2)The internal structure of cultivated land have a significant change:the proportion of dry land is decreased but that of paddy field is increased,paddy field turned to the dominant type of the cropland utilization.(3)Arid land is mainly in the form of conversion-out;paddy land is mostly in the form of conversion-in.Although the transfer quantity of the two types land is nearly equal,the transfer direction is opposite.(4)Dry land patch scale is increased and its shape became to simplify,while paddy field patch scale is decreased and its shape is more complicated.The use pattern changes of dry land and paddy field has a visible difference.Finally,some suggestions on the implementation of the land consolidation project in this area are put forward:the scale and speed of the expansion of the paddy field are controlled moderately,and the focus and direction of the regulation plan are determined,according to the different needs.