城市地铁火灾专用消防车空间配置优化研究

The optimal deployment of specialized fire engines for metro fire

城市地铁发生火灾极易造成重大的人员财产损失,配置地铁专用消防车具有迫切需求.为此,面向城市地铁发生火灾时调度消防车救援的过程,基于排队论、条件概率定理及随机过程构造了求解消防车工作强度的简化方程组及其求解算法,从而将以往的未知数个数从2~N个(N为消防车辆总数)简化为N个.在此基础上,以地铁消防车的响应时间最小化为目标,提出了城市地铁消防车空间配置优化模型及基于遗传算法的模型求解算法.利用某市地铁网络进行了上述模型及其求解算法的案例验证.结果表明,地铁消防车工作强度简化求解方法不仅克服了以往消防车数量较多时(大于15辆)计算机内存储器溢出而无法求解的困难,极大地缩短了求解时间,而且其求解误差随着消防车辆总数增加而缩小;在不增加消防车配置总数的情况下,城市地铁消防车空间配置优化模型能降低消防车的跨区消防出警率,显著降低地铁消防车的响应时间.

Fire happened in urban metro can easily lead to significant loss of property and personnel.There are urgent needs for deployment of fire engines dedicated for metro. Based on the queuing theory,conditional probability theorem and the stochastic process, the dispatching process of fire engines for urban metro fire is formulated into a simplified workloads equations of the metro fire engine, whose number of unknowns in workload equations of the fire engine is reduced from 2 N(N is the total number of fire engines) to N. To minimize the response time of metro fire engines, an optimization model of urban metro fire engines deployment and an algorithm based on genetic algorithm are proposed. The proposed model and its algorithm are validated in Beijing metro network. The results show that the simplified workloads equations of the metro fire engine overcome the overflow in the computer memory when the number of fire engines is large(more than 15), greatly shorten the solution time, and the error of workload decreases with total number of fire engines increases;the deployment optimization model of fire engine dedicated for metro can reduce the fire engine intra-district fire alarm rate, significantly reduce the metro fire engine response time with fixed total number of fire engines.