区分车辆起讫信息的拥挤道路使用收费模型

A link-differentiated congestion pricing model using the origin-destination information of vehicles

拥挤道路使用收费被视为缓解城市交通拥堵的有效手段之一.本文发展了一个区分车辆起讫点信息的路段收费模型,并将其与边际社会成本收费、一般路段收费和路径收费模型进行了严格比较.四种收费方式均能实现系统最优的路段流量分布,且收费收益只与OD需求及收费用户均衡时的最小路径费用相关.边际社会成本收费方式产生的网络总收费最高,一般路段收费方式次之,然后是本文提出的收费策略,路径收费方式产生的总收费最小.一般路段收费可匿名实施,路径收费需要获取出行者完整的路径信息,本文提出的收费策略只需获取出行者的起讫点信息.在一个多OD对交通网络上完成的数值计算验证了理论结果.

Congestion pricing has been considered as one of effective means for mitigating urban traffic congestion.In this paper,we propose a link-based congestion pricing scheme which utilizes the origindestination information of vehicles in traffic networks.We have roundly compared this scheme—the minimum total revenue pricing based on link-differentiated(MTRP-LD)—with other three ones fully reported in literature,namely the marginal social cost pricing(MSCP),the minimum total revenue pricing based on link(MTRP-L)and the minimum total revenue pricing based on path(MTRP-P).It is proved that all these four schemes can realize the flow pattern of system optimum,and that the total revenue is only related to the traffic demand and the minimum path cost when tolled user equilibrium is achieved.MSCP generates the highest toll revenue,then MTRP-L,MTRP-LD and MTRP-P in order.MSCP and MTRP-L can be implemented in an anonymous way,while MTRP-P requires the complete path information of vehicles.MTRP-LD proposed in this paper which can reduce the total toll revenue greatly like MTRP-P,is link-based for implementation but needs all vehicles’origin-destination information.Numerical results obtained from a multiple origin-destination network verify our analytical results.