财政压力与环境污染——交通基础设施区域非均衡视角

Fiscal Pressure and Environmental Pollution——From the Perspective of Regional Transportation Infrastructure Difference

基于财政压力影响本地及邻近地区污染的内在机制及交通基础设施调节作用分析,利用2004～2016年中国省级面板数据,通过空间计量检验财政压力及其与各等级公路交互项对污染的直接效应和空间溢出。研究表明,财政压力通过税收政策、环境管制、贸易壁垒及资源配置干预影响污染排放;完善的交通基础设施弱化财政压力的污染空间效应;财政压力及交通基础设施区域差异扩大地区污染差距;环境治理投入对污染产生挤出效应。建议提升地方政府财权事权匹配水平、缩小财政压力及交通基础设施省际差距,构建污染治理区域合作机制。

Based on the analysis of mechanism that affects local and neighboring pollution by fiscal pressure and interaction effect between multi-level road infrastructures and fiscal pressure, using the provincial panel data from 2004 to 2016 and spatial econometric method, this paper studies the direct and spillover effects of fiscal pressure and interaction term on pollution. Results show that, the fiscal pressure affects local pollution through taxation, environmental regulations, trade barriers and resource allocation;the improvement of transportation infrastructures weakens the pollution spatial effect of fiscal pressure;the differences of fiscal pressure and roads expand regional pollution gap;environmental input has an extrusion impact on pollution. It is necessary to improve the matching level of fiscal expending and revenue right, narrow the regional fiscal pressure and roads gaps, and build a regional cooperation system.