关于除草剂田间药效试验安全性评价方法问题的探讨

Examining Methods for Evaluating Crop Injury in Herbicide Field Efficacy Trials

在除草剂田间药效试验中,安全性评价方法十分重要。除草剂安全性评价必须全面和准确,要有倍量试验,要特别注意在不良环境条件下的试验。苗前除草剂要进行不同土壤有机质、质地、pH值等试验,还要进行低温高湿、拱土期施药、混土施药等试验。苗后除草剂要进行的试验包括以下各项:高温低湿、低温高湿(最好有两天低于10℃的气温试验)、喷液量试验,作物不同生育阶段和品种试验,加不同类型的喷雾助剂及剂量试验;要特别重视长残效除草剂对后茬敏感作物安全性的评价试验。改进施药技术可避免或减轻药害。

Determining herbicide crop injury potential in field efficacy trials is very important. Agricultural productionpracticioners require that evaluation of herbicide injury be both accurate and complete. Experiments should include treatmentsat twice the recommended rate. In addition, experiments conducted under unfavorable environmental conditions are needed.For preemergence herbicides, trials should be conducted at different soil organic matters, soil textures, and soil pH levels, aswell as under conditions of high temperature with low humidity, and with application at the at-cracking stage or application ofa mixture of herbicide with soil. Postemergence herbicides require trials conducted at high temperature with low humidity andat low temperature with high humidity, ideally with trials having 2 days of temperatures below 10 oC. Postemergence herbicidesalso need trials where the effects of water volume, crop variety, adjuvant type, and herbicide rate are tested. Evaluating carryoverinjury of long residual herbicides in susceptible crops should be considered a priority. Improving application practices willallow the reduction or avoidance of herbicide injury problems.