粉花羊蹄甲的营养成分及作为特色蔬菜的评价

Nutrients content of Bauhinia variegata var.candida and its value as an edible wild flower

粉花羊蹄甲(Bauhiniavariegatavar.candidaLinn)是分布于热带亚洲的苏木科植物,该植物的花是云南热带、亚热带地区许多少数民族经常食用的野生花卉.作者报道了粉花羊蹄甲1981～2002年物侯观测结果,分析了粉花羊蹄甲的矿物质、微量元素、蛋白质、氨基酸和维生素的含量并与常用花卉类蔬菜黄花菜进行了比较.分析结果表明,粉花羊蹄甲花中的矿物质微量元素P,K,Na,Ca,Mg,Fe,Cu和Mn的含量均高于黄花菜,Zn的含量低于黄花菜.维生素中,粉花羊蹄甲维生素B1高于黄花菜,维生素C和胡萝卜素的含量分别是黄花菜的6.4倍和4.5倍,维生素B2和维生素E的含量略低于黄花菜.粉花羊蹄甲的蛋白质总质量分数(15.79%)低于黄花菜(19.19%),但蛋白质中氨基酸总质量分数为12.74%,高于黄花菜(9.99%);比较粉花羊蹄甲和黄花菜蛋白质中必需氨基酸与标准蛋白质(鸡蛋)中必需氨基酸贴近值,粉花羊蹄甲的贴近值为0.85,比黄花菜的贴近值(0.73)高.认为粉花羊蹄甲是一种营养丰富、具有很高开发潜力的野生食用花卉.

Bauhinia variegata var.candida belongs to Caesalpiniaceae family and distributes in southern China,Laos,Myanmar and Thailand.Its flower is used by the indigenous people in the tropical and sub-tropical region of Yunnan Province as an edible wild vegetable.The phenology of B.vaariegata var.candida were recorded from 1981 to 2002,the main nutrients in the flower of B.variegata var.candida were tested and compared with those in the flower of Hemerocallis citrina at Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XTBG).The contents of P,K,Na,Ca,Mg,Fe and Cu in B.variegata var.candida were higher than in H.citrina,but the content of Zn was lower.For the vitamins,the content of V_(B1) is higher,and the contents of Vc and carotene were as high as 6.4 and 4.5 times of that in H.citrina,but the contents of V_(B2) and V_E were lower.The total protein content of H.citrina and B.variegata var.candida were 19.19% and 15.79%,but the content of total amino acids contents in protein were 9.99% and 12.74% respectively.The close degree of essential amino acids contents in H.citrina and B.variegata var.candida to that in egg protein (the standard) were 0.73 and 0.85.Based on the analysis results,B.variegata var.candida is a kind of promising edible wild vegetable flower with plenty of nutrients.