中国电视真人秀的节目类型与研发路径——基于使用与满足理论的研究

Types and R&D Methods of Chinese Reality Shows Based on Uses and Gratification Theory

使用与满足理论是传播学中运用最为广泛的理论,与马斯洛的需求层次理论相结合,既可以对中国电视真人秀节目进行科学分类,也能对这类节目的研发创新提供理论依据。根据人的需求层次,可以将电视真人秀节目分为生活展示、情感体验、竞技表演、自我发展等四个类型;基于使用与满足理论,根据受众需求满足的环节与过程分析真人秀节目的三大创新路径:评估需求、模式生成和迭代优化。着眼于人的精神性价值需求,中国电视真人秀节目在娱乐大众的同时,更需肩负起社会引领的责任。

Based on the uses and gratifications theory,we can classify the Chinese reality TV shows systematically and provide a theoretical basis for the R&D innovation of such programs.According to the level of human needs,reality TV shows can be divided into four types:life display,emotional experience,athletic performance,and self-developments.Through analysis of the process of audience’s needs and gratifications,methods of R&D innovation of reality TV shows can be categorized into demand evaluation,model generation and iterative optimization.