从文艺大众化到摄影武器论:中国共产党早期宣传的影像转向

Picture Using Tendency of CPC Early Propaganda:From Popular Art to Photograph Weapon

在现代化浪潮的冲击之下,一个影像的世界在20世纪30年代的上海逐渐形成。影像化的通俗文艺也逐渐成为市民文化生活的重要组成部分。在'文艺大众化'的号召下,左翼电影运动将影像带入中国共产党的宣传视野之中。然而局限于历史情境和党对新影像技术与艺术的认知,影像对于宣传的优势并未被真正认识到,这导致延安电影团的影像实践流产。此状况直到沙飞带着相对成熟的'摄影武器论'来到晋察冀边区,并通过摄影展向中共领导人展示了摄影的极大优势,才获得改善。沙飞其后创办的《晋察冀画报》开启了中共宣传系统以影像为中心的传播实践。从此,影像成为中国共产党宣传工作最重要的媒介形式之一。

Under the impact of modernization,a visual world of images gradually emerged in Shanghai in the 1930 s.The popular culture communicated through pictorial media also became an important part of the public life.This aroused the attention of the CPC.Following the call of the'Popularization of Literature and Arts',the left-wing film movement brought the pictorial media into the vision of the CPC’s early publicity campaigns.However,limited by the historical situation and the cognition of the CPC to the new image technologies,the advantages of pictorial media had not been realized,and the Yan’an Film Group’s effort failed.This situation was not changed until Sha Fei came to the Jin-Cha-Ji Region with his'Photography as Weapon'theory.Through the photo exhibitions,the CPC leaders realized the advantages of images.'Jin-Cha-Ji Pictorial'edited by Sha Fei opened up the image-centered communication practices of the CPC.Since then,image has become one of the CPC’s most important media formats.