血吸虫的种间杂交及其意义

Interspecific hybridization of Schistosoma and its significance

血吸虫病是广泛流行于热带和亚热带地区的一种人兽共患病,也是WHO规划消除的重要传染病之一。该病病原血吸虫的种间杂交已成为一种新的公共卫生问题,引起了广泛关注。血吸虫为雌雄异体的复殖吸虫,其种群繁多、分布区域重叠,不同种血吸虫尾蚴感染同一宿主后,异种童虫在宿主体内雌雄合抱,杂交后可形成新的杂交虫株。优势杂交虫株的产生及其生物学特性如对宿主选择性、生殖力及感染力等改变,势必导致其种群演化、分布区域、流行模式及对人和动物的致病性变化,从而对正在实施中的全球血吸虫病消除规划产生影响。本文就血吸虫种间杂交的研究进展作一综述。

Schistosomiasis is one of zoonoses(diseases that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and human),and it is widespread in tropical and sub-tropical regions.It is one of the important infectious diseases that the World Health Organization plans to eliminate.Hybridization within Genus Schistosoma is an emerging public health concern in our changing world.Schistosoma spp.are dioecious trematode,in which there are lots of species infecting human and animals.Several schistosome species also overlap in their geographical and host range,which allows male and female schistosomes of different species to pair within their definitive hosts.The hybridization among different species and the production of dominant hybrid species and changes of their biological characteristics,such as host selectivity,fertility and infectivity,can lead to the evolution of schistosoma species,regional distribution of the population,the changes of epidemic patterns,and pathogenicity to human and animals,and all of them have an impact on the global schistosomiasis elimination plan.