云南省洱源县传播控制阶段血吸虫病传染源控制效果

Effectiveness of infectious source control after transmission control of schistosomiasis in Eryuan County of Yunnan Province

目的对云南省洱源县进入传播控制阶段后不同时期血吸虫病传染源控制效果进行评估,为进一步开展传染源监测与控制提供参考依据。方法选择洱源县平坝亚型流行区文笔村和高山亚型流行区前甸村作为调查地点,2011年和2018年分别调查2个村传染源种类、血吸虫感染情况和传播能量,并进行比较。结果 2011年在前甸村检出人、牛、马、犬、鼠血吸虫感染阳性,阳性率分别为1.19%、0.91%、1.25%、3.13%和0.95%;在文笔村检出人、牛、犬血吸虫感染阳性,阳性率分别为0.76%、1.66%和9.30%。2018年2个村人、牛、马、猪、羊、犬、鼠中均未检出阳性。2011年2个村各种传染源中,均以牛相对传播指数和宿主日排卵总数最高。2011年前甸村和文笔村共捡获野粪731份,其中前甸村捡获的野粪以马、牛、犬粪为主(分别占34.40%、29.80%和20.20%),查到血吸虫感染阳性犬粪及马粪(阳性率分别为11.94%和6.90%);文笔村捡获的野粪以犬、牛、人粪为主(分别占44.59%、39.83%和14.29%),查到阳性犬、人粪及牛粪(阳性率分别为16.95%、9.52%和2.33%)。2018年前甸村和文笔村共捡获野粪204份,其中前甸村捡获的野粪以羊、犬、牛粪为主(分别占36.27%、33.33%和27.45%),文笔村捡获的野粪以犬、牛、人粪为主(分别占72.55%、11.76%和10.78%),未查出血吸虫感染阳性野粪。结论洱源县血吸虫病传染源控制效果显著,人、牛作为血吸虫病主要传染源的地位已得到有效控制;今后应继续强化以传染源控制为主的血吸虫病综合防治策略,加强和重视犬和鼠等保虫宿主防控。

Objective To assess the effectiveness of infectious source control at various stages of transmission control of schistosomiasis in Eryuan County of Yunnan Province,so as to provide insights into the further monitoring and management of infectious sources of schistosomiasis.Methods Wenbi Village,a plateau subtype region and Qiandian Village,a mountain subtype region in Eryuan County were selected as the study areas.The species,schistosome infection and transmission capability of infectious sources were investigated in Wenbi and Qiandian villages in 2011 and 2018 and were compared.Results Schistosome infections were detected in human,bovine,horse,dog and mouse in Qiandian Village in 2011,with positive rates of 1.19%,0.91%,1.25%,3.13%and 0.95%,respectively,and human,bovine and dog were found to have schistosome infections,with positive rates of 0.76%,1.66%and 9.30%,respectively.However,no infections were identified in human,bovine,horse,pig,dog,sheep or mouse in these two villages in 2018.A total of 731 wild feces were collected in both villages in 2011.In Qiandian Village,horse,bovine and dog feces accounted for 34.40%,29.80%and 20.20%of all fecal samples,and dog and horse feces were found to have schistosome infections(11.94%and 6.90%positive rates,respectively).In Wenbi Village,dog,bovine and human feces accounted for 44.59%,39.83%and 14.29%of all fecal samples,and dog,human and bovine feces were found to have schistosome infections(16.95%,9.52%and 2.33%positive rates,respectively).In 2018,a total of 204 wild feces were collected in both villages,and no schistosome infections were identified.Sheep,dog and bovine feces accounted for 36.27%,33.33%and27.45%of all fecal samples in Qiandian Village,and dog,bovine and human feces accounted for 72.55%,11.76%and 10.78%of all fecal samples in Wenbi Village.Conclusions A remarkable achievement has been obtained in the control of infectious sources of schistosomiasis in Eryuan County,and the role of human and bovine as the major infectious sources of schistosomiasis has been effectively controlled.In the future,the integrated strategy with emphasis on the control of infectious sources should be intensified,and the management of reservoir hosts including dog and mouse should be strengthened.