武夷山风景名胜区景观要素斑块特征分析

ANALYSIS ON THE PATCH CHARACTERISTICS OF LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS IN THE WUYISHAN SCENERY DISTRICT

针对近年来开展生态旅游等人类活动的强烈干扰给风景区带来巨大生态影响的问题 ,在武夷山风景名胜区景观类型划分的基础上 ,从景观要素斑块特征的角度对武夷山风景名胜区的景观格局及破碎化进行初步的研究 ,以期为今后武夷山风景名胜区的景观生态保护提供科学的依据 .研究结果表明 ,在武夷山风景名胜区中 ,马尾松林、茶园与农田是风景区中 3个主要景观类型 ,三者面积与周长之和分别占全区的 84 .5 81%和 81.6 6 9% ;景观要素的面积、周长、斑块数的分布极不平衡 ,尤其在 3类主要景观类型中 ,在斑块面积、周长方面差异显著 ;各景观要素面积与周长的分布极为相似 ,而斑块数的分布却没有明显的规律性 ;景观要素面积、周长、斑块数等斑块特征分析表明 ,茶园、居住地、经济林等人工或半人工经营景观的破碎化程度高 ,而马尾松各天然林景观的破碎化程度低 ,从而证明了人类经营活动的干扰是导致自然风景区景观破碎的主要因素之一 .表 3参

The Wuyishan Scenery District,as one of the key scenery districts in China,has been disturbed by human activities with ecotourism development in recent years.In order to provide theoretic basis for conservation of the Wuyishan Scenery District,the landscape pattern and fragmentation were preliminary analyzed based on patch characteristics of landscape elements there.The results showed that Pinus massoniana forest,Camellia sinensis plantation and farmland are three main components in the Wuyishan Scenery District. The total area and perimeter proportion of the three landscapes account for 84.581% and 81.669 % of the totals in the district,respectively.The area,perimeter and the number of patches of different landscape elements are very uneven,and the differences in area and perimeter of patches in the three landscapes are very notable.The distribution trend of perimeter of different landscape elements is similar to that of area,while the distribution law of patches is not distinct.The patch characteristics of area,perimeter and the number of patches all indicate that the degrees of fragmentation of artificial landscapes such as Camellia sinensis plantation,residential area and economic forest are higher than those of natural ones,and the degrees of fragmentation of Pinus massoniana forests are all lower.Therefore,this result also proved that human activity was one of main factors which broke the landscape into fragments. Tab 3,Ref 18