在历史与理论之间:西方冲击、儒法传统与中国发展道路

Between History and Theory: The Impact of the West,Confucian-Legalist Tradition and the Way of China

在'后冷战'的时代应该如何理解当代中国的发展道路?两极体系的终结是否如'历史终结论'者所期待的那样,意味着一个世界的时刻已经来临——现代西方开启的经济、政治与文化的进程正在以不可阻挡之势,把无论是年轻的苏—俄文明,还是古老的中国文明,都降解为'自由民主'的'个体',从而,把这些非西方的'他者'吸纳进'普世'的历史之中,借此,世界历史正走向由'最后的人'所标志的'终结'?还是相反,被美苏两极体制凝聚起来的左右两极斗争,恰恰会随着这一体系的崩解而重新弥散进西欧、北美、中国、俄罗斯、伊斯兰世界,印度乃至每个政治社会的内部?本文认为,现代世界体系的矛盾症候已经从两大冷战阵营交互揭批的公开展示中退隐到了西方内部,而后又伴随着全球化进程扩散到了全球社会之中。只有把'历史终结'论的普世主义话语还原为现代西方有限的具体经验,我们才能上升到比较文明的高度,重新审视中国儒法文明回应西方挑战的政治史和思想史,深刻理解当代中国的发展道路。

How to understand the Way of contemporary China in a 'post-Cold War'era? Did the end of the bipolar structure prove to be a special moment for the whole world that the economic,political and cultural process initiated by the modern west would definitely and overwhelmingly reduce all the 'others'including the young Russia and China as a huge and time-honored civilization to liberal-democratic individuals in order to absorb them into 'universal history',and finally salute to the end of history that would feature in 'the last man',as was expected by the end-of-history theorists? Or would it be right the reverse that the struggle that had crystallized between the two camps would disperse into every polity-civilization around the world like Western Europe,North America,China,Russia,the Islam world,India and so on,right because of the collapse of the very structure? We agree with the latter,because the history revealed that the paradoxical symptoms have retreated into the inside of the western world,and permeate to the global society along with the course of globalization. Only when we restored the truth of the universal discourse that was only an abstract of the limited experience of the west,could we ascend to the horizon of comparative civilization,and reexamine the history of the latest two hundred years,so as to achieve an understanding with depth of the Way of China. Only when we combined 'the three one-hundred years'since 1840 and 'the three thirty years'since 1949,could we obtain the theoretical sense of the reconstruction of the civilization-state.