春油菜菌核病田间发生规律研究

Study on the Occurrence Rule of the Sclerotiorum on the Spring Rape

研究结果表明:黑龙江省北安农场管理局菌核病病菌子囊盘于6月中旬始见,子囊盘数量与3日内大气平均相对湿度呈正相关(R=0.657),与3日内平均气温呈负相关(R=-0.604)。大气中病菌孢子于6月中旬始见,7月中下旬出现高峰期。花朵于6月下旬开始发病,7月上旬出现发病高峰期。花朵带病率与3日内的相对湿度和日照时数显著相关(R1=0.95;R2=-0.857)。叶片于7月初开始发病,7月中旬达到高峰期,以后逐渐下降。茎秆于7月上旬开始发病,为土表菌核直接侵染造成,发病率低,增长慢,7月下旬快速增长(为病叶再侵染造成)直至收获。

The results of the study show: the apothecium of the pathogen appears in the middle ten days of June. The number of the apothecium is correlative to the relative humidity (R=(0.657)) and the average air temperature(R=-0.604) of the last three days. The spore in the air appears in the middle ten days of June, it is fastigium appears in the middle and the last ten days of July. The flower is firstly infected in the last ten days of June. The fastigium of the infected flower is the first ten days of July. The number of the infected flowers is correlative to the relative humidity(R1=0.95)and the hours of sunlight(R2=-0.857) of the last three days. The leaves are infected in the early days of July, it is fastigium appears in the middle ten days of July. The stems are infected in the first ten days of July(infected directively by sclerotia in soil),but the number is very low and increase very slowly. It increases very fast in the last ten days of July and continue until the rape is reaped.