老年人维生素D缺乏的现状和对策

Status of vitamin D deficiency in elderly and strategies

我国老年人普遍缺乏维生素D,且具有明显的季节性差异和地域差异。维生素D缺乏的老年人,不仅骨折风险增加,而且容易发生感染、自身免疫性疾病和恶性肿瘤等疾病。老年人补充维生素D,常需长期联合以下多种措施,包括增加日光照射,多食含维生素D较多的食物,服用含维生素D的复方制剂、维生素D胶丸、活性维生素D及其类似物,也可选择肌内注射维生素D针剂。在补充维生素D过程中,应注意定期检测血钙和肌酐水平,以便及早发现维生素D中毒。

The elderly in China are generally deficient in vitamin D,and there are significant seasonal and regional differences.Older adults with vitamin D deficiency are not only at increased risk of fractures,but also prone to many diseases such as infections,autoimmune diseases and malignancies.Old people who need vitamin D supplement should be given combined measures for a long time,including increasing sunlight exposure,eating foods rich in vitamin D,taking the compounds that contain vitamin D,vitamin D capsule,active vitamin D or its analogs.Intramuscular injection of vitamin D can also be selected.In the process of vitamin D supplementation,blood calcium and creatinine should be tested regularly for early detection of vitamin D intoxication.