铁路空调发电车乘务员听力损失情况调查

Investigation on hearing losses of the stewards working in railway air-conditioned power generator car

目的调查昆明铁路局的空调发电车噪声情况及其乘务员的听力损失情况,分析危害特点。方法用声级计测量空调发电车的噪声,对其乘务员进行纯音气导测听。结果空调发电车噪声超过国家卫生标准限值。男乘务员听力损失比例(53.69%)较女乘务员(17.39%)高。男乘务员听力损失人员在各年龄段及接触噪声工龄上没有差异,双耳听力损失高于单耳损失比例,听力损失分级与年龄之间没有关系,听力损失分级之间按工龄进行统计差异有显著性,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ分级之间,Ⅳ、Ⅴ之间没有差异。结论在铁路空调发电车噪声环境下,男乘务员的听力损失是严重的且听力损失没有年龄、工龄的差异,必须采取切实措施保护男乘务员的听力。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the noise in the railway air-conditioned power generator car and the heraring losses of the stewards in Kunming railway bureau.Methods The noise of the car was measured by noise analyzer and the hearing losses of the stewards were examined by pure-tone audiometer.Results The noise of the cars exceeded the hygiene limit.Hearing losses in the males(53.69%)were higher than those of the females(17.39%).Hearing losses in the males had no differences on age and the noise exposed length,and the rate of double ear hearing loss was higher than that of a single ear.The grade of hearing loss had no relation with age,but had statistical significance with working age.The grade had no statistical significance among Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ or between Ⅳ and Ⅴ.Conclusion At the noise circumstance in railway air-conditioned power generator car,hearing losses of the male stewards were serious and could happen to all age and working age.It is necessary to take some measures to protect the hearing of the male stewards.