歌德自然诗初探

On Goethe's Natural Poetry

歌德一生的创作分为狂飙突进和古典两个时期。狂飙突进时期的歌德,将人与自然融为一体,抒情与描写熔铸一炉,以抒情为主。而古典时期的歌德渐与自然疏离,景物成了他观察欣赏的对象,工细的景物描写占据了主导,形成了如画之美。纵观歌德一生的自然诗创作,其审美趣味大致可以用这样一个比喻来说明,即从主观的"音乐"走向客观的"画",并且在古典的"画"的阶段,由写实的风景油画逐渐转向写意的"水墨山水"。

The literary creation of Goethe consists of two periods: the time of tantivy and the classical period; so does his work of natural poetry generally. In his first period, Goethe combined man with nature, emotional expressions with descriptions, while focused on showing his feelings. In his second period, however, he gradually estranged from nature, and scenery was taken as the object to observe and enjoy. Thus, meticulous descriptions of scenery dominated his poetic works and resulted in the picturesque beauty. Considering the creations of natural poetry in Goethe's lifetime as a whole, we may sum up his aesthetic tastes with the following metaphors: they changed from the subjective 'music' to the objective 'pictures', and in the period of classical 'pictures', they gradually turned from the realistic canvases to the freehand brushwork of 'inkwash paintings'.