非治安性拘留的理性扩张与法律规制——兼论人身自由罚的法治转轨

Rational Expansion and Legal Regulation of Non-public Security Detention ——On the Rule of Law Transition of Personal Liberty Penalty

在公共风险的法律控制中,一种不同于传统行政拘留处罚的非治安性拘留逐渐兴起。非治安性拘留的处罚对象不具有人身危险性,规制目标也并非维护典型的治安秩序。非治安性拘留可以防范责任主体的虚置和转移,弥补其他行政处罚手段的固有缺陷,二者共同构成其不断扩张的现实动因。公安机关实施非治安性拘留会产生执法主体错位,应当以功能最适原则为指引,将拘留决定权归还行政主管机关。行政拘留刑罚化方案的诸多潜在弊端表明,行政违法行为的直接犯罪化并不可取,人身自由罚体系的法治转轨应当采取类型化策略,区分三种不同类型进行针对性调整。

In the legal control of public risks,non-security detention which is different from the traditional administrative detention is gradually rising.The punishment object of non-security detention is not personal dangerous,and the regulatory goal is not to maintain the typical public order.The non-security detention can guard against the deficiency and transfer of the main body of responsibility and make up the inherent defects of other administrative detention,both of which constitute the realistic motivation for its continuous expansion.The implementation of non-security detention by public security organs will lead to dislocation of the subject of law enforcement.The principle of functional perfection shall be used as a guideline to return the decision-making power of the detention to the executive authorities.Many potential disadvantages of the penalization of administrative detention indicate that the direct criminalization of administrative violations is not advisable.The rule of law for personal liberty penalty should adopt typological strategy and distinguish three different types for targeted adjustment.