西藏农村的用水制度研究——囊色林村、柳务村的案例分析

Water Resourse Use in Tibet's Villages

用水制度是所有农业社会的核心问题之一。囊色林村和柳务村是西藏中部、西部古老农业社会的典型代表。田野调查发现,两村都有较为成熟的用水制度,且能够根据社会环境的变化而做出灵活调整,保证了水资源利用的公平和效率。但是,传统社会缺乏有效手段增加水资源供给,只能围绕水资源存量做出各种努力,或者寄希望于神灵,寻求精神安慰。近年来的农田水利建设着力增加水资源供给,为缓解用水紧张,平息用水纠纷起到了积极的作用。然而投资巨大的囊色林提灌站的运行困境,反映了利用国家财政支持和兄弟省市援助的水利建设在决策上存在脱离当地经济社会发展实际的现象,应予关注并逐步改进。

Water resourse is a core factor in agriculture.Nang Selin and Liu Wu are two typical villages in Tibet.The filed study finds that both villages have mature and flexible water supply system in accordance with social and environment changes.However,traditional water system is not efficient in raising water storage,and hope relies on gods.In recent years,farmland water conservancy project is working on increase of water supply.While,the project is far away from local social and economic development,and improvement should be provided.