礼仪的规范与政治秩序的构建——以西藏地方与中央王朝礼仪关系的变迁为中心

The Regulation of Etiquette and the Construction of Political Order

随着西藏地方与中央王朝政治隶属关系的确立,中央王朝开始不断加强对西藏地方政教首领的礼仪规范,并在历经七百余年的演变之后最终形成以达赖喇嘛为代表的西藏地方政教首领向中央王朝皇帝行"三跪九叩"之礼的历史定制。礼仪制度的变迁是西藏地方在历史的演进中成为中国不可分割之一部分的一大体现,而期间所涉及的元朝帝师与帝王的"上座"之争和达赖喇嘛与驻藏大臣是"并坐"还是"旁坐"等分歧也折射出西藏地方政教首领通过教权与皇权的博弈来实现其对中央王朝的权利诉求的政治特征。

The dispute between the emperor’s tutors and the emperors over the'top seat'in Yuan dynastyand the differences between the Dalai lama and the minister in Tibet over whether to be equal or be subordina-tion reflected the political characteristics of the Tibetan local political and religious leaders to realize theirclaims for the rights of the central dynasty through the game between the religious power and the imperial power.